A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture

Rosamond L. Naylor (), Ronald W. Hardy, Alejandro H. Buschmann, Simon R. Bush, Ling Cao, Dane H. Klinger, David C. Little, Jane Lubchenco, Sandra E. Shumway and Max Troell
Additional contact information
Rosamond L. Naylor: Stanford University
Ronald W. Hardy: University of Idaho
Alejandro H. Buschmann: Universidad de Los Lagos
Simon R. Bush: Wageningen University
Ling Cao: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Dane H. Klinger: Conservation International
David C. Little: University of Stirling
Jane Lubchenco: Oregon State University
Sandra E. Shumway: University of Connecticut
Max Troell: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Nature, 2021, vol. 591, issue 7851, 551-563

Abstract: Abstract The sustainability of aquaculture has been debated intensely since 2000, when a review on the net contribution of aquaculture to world fish supplies was published in Nature. This paper reviews the developments in global aquaculture from 1997 to 2017, incorporating all industry sub-sectors and highlighting the integration of aquaculture in the global food system. Inland aquaculture—especially in Asia—has contributed the most to global production volumes and food security. Major gains have also occurred in aquaculture feed efficiency and fish nutrition, lowering the fish-in–fish-out ratio for all fed species, although the dependence on marine ingredients persists and reliance on terrestrial ingredients has increased. The culture of both molluscs and seaweed is increasingly recognized for its ecosystem services; however, the quantification, valuation, and market development of these services remain rare. The potential for molluscs and seaweed to support global nutritional security is underexploited. Management of pathogens, parasites, and pests remains a sustainability challenge industry-wide, and the effects of climate change on aquaculture remain uncertain and difficult to validate. Pressure on the aquaculture industry to embrace comprehensive sustainability measures during this 20-year period have improved the governance, technology, siting, and management in many cases.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6

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