Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity

Minhang Yuan, Zeyu Jiang, Guozhi Bi, Kinya Nomura, Menghui Liu, Yiping Wang, Boying Cai, Jian-Min Zhou, Sheng Yang He and Xiu-Fang Xin ()
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Minhang Yuan: Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zeyu Jiang: Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Guozhi Bi: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kinya Nomura: Michigan State University
Menghui Liu: Henan University
Yiping Wang: Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Boying Cai: Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jian-Min Zhou: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sheng Yang He: Michigan State University
Xiu-Fang Xin: Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature, 2021, vol. 592, issue 7852, 105-109

Abstract: Abstract The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants possess a two-tiered innate immune system, called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PTI is triggered by microbial patterns via cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whereas ETI is activated by pathogen effector proteins via predominantly intracellularly localized receptors called nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs)1–4. PTI and ETI are initiated by distinct activation mechanisms and involve different early signalling cascades5,6. Here we show that Arabidopsis PRR and PRR co-receptor mutants—fls2 efr cerk1 and bak1 bkk1 cerk1 triple mutants—are markedly impaired in ETI responses when challenged with incompatible Pseudomonas syrinage bacteria. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a critical early signalling event connecting PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, and that the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is necessary for full activation of RBOHD, gene expression and bacterial resistance during ETI. Moreover, NLR signalling rapidly augments the transcript and/or protein levels of key PTI components. Our study supports a revised model in which potentiation of PTI is an indispensable component of ETI during bacterial infection. This revised model conceptually unites two major immune signalling cascades in plants and mechanistically explains some of the long-observed similarities in downstream defence outputs between PTI and ETI.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03316-6

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