High-entropy ejecta plumes in Cassiopeia A from neutrino-driven convection

Toshiki Sato (), Keiichi Maeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Takashi Yoshida, Brian Grefenstette, Brian J. Williams, Hideyuki Umeda, Masaomi Ono and John P. Hughes
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Toshiki Sato: RIKEN
Keiichi Maeda: Kyoto University
Shigehiro Nagataki: RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
Takashi Yoshida: University of Tokyo
Brian Grefenstette: California Institute of Technology
Brian J. Williams: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center
Hideyuki Umeda: University of Tokyo
Masaomi Ono: RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
John P. Hughes: Rutgers University

Nature, 2021, vol. 592, issue 7855, 537-540

Abstract: Abstract Recent multi-dimensional simulations suggest that high-entropy buoyant plumes help massive stars to explode1,2. Outwardly protruding iron (Fe)-rich fingers of gas in the galactic supernova remnant3,4 Cassiopeia A seem to match this picture. Detecting the signatures of specific elements synthesized in the high-entropy nuclear burning regime (that is, α-rich freeze out) would constitute strong substantiating evidence. Here we report observations of such elements—stable titanium (Ti) and chromium (Cr)—at a confidence level greater than 5 standard deviations in the shocked high-velocity Fe-rich ejecta of Cassiopeia A. We found that the observed Ti/Fe and Cr/Fe mass ratios require α-rich freeze out, providing evidence of the existence of the high-entropy ejecta plumes that boosted the shock wave at explosion. The metal composition of the plumes agrees well with predictions for strongly neutrino-processed proton-rich ejecta2,5,6. These results support the operation of the convective supernova engine via neutrino heating in the supernova that produced Cassiopeia A.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03391-9

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