Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator

Sepehr Ebadi, Tout T. Wang, Harry Levine, Alexander Keesling, Giulia Semeghini, Ahmed Omran, Dolev Bluvstein, Rhine Samajdar, Hannes Pichler, Wen Wei Ho, Soonwon Choi, Subir Sachdev, Markus Greiner, Vladan Vuletić and Mikhail D. Lukin ()
Additional contact information
Sepehr Ebadi: Harvard University
Tout T. Wang: Harvard University
Harry Levine: Harvard University
Alexander Keesling: Harvard University
Giulia Semeghini: Harvard University
Ahmed Omran: Harvard University
Dolev Bluvstein: Harvard University
Rhine Samajdar: Harvard University
Hannes Pichler: University of Innsbruck
Wen Wei Ho: Harvard University
Soonwon Choi: University of California Berkeley
Subir Sachdev: Harvard University
Markus Greiner: Harvard University
Vladan Vuletić: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mikhail D. Lukin: Harvard University

Nature, 2021, vol. 595, issue 7866, 227-232

Abstract: Abstract Motivated by far-reaching applications ranging from quantum simulations of complex processes in physics and chemistry to quantum information processing1, a broad effort is currently underway to build large-scale programmable quantum systems. Such systems provide insights into strongly correlated quantum matter2–6, while at the same time enabling new methods for computation7–10 and metrology11. Here we demonstrate a programmable quantum simulator based on deterministically prepared two-dimensional arrays of neutral atoms, featuring strong interactions controlled by coherent atomic excitation into Rydberg states12. Using this approach, we realize a quantum spin model with tunable interactions for system sizes ranging from 64 to 256 qubits. We benchmark the system by characterizing high-fidelity antiferromagnetically ordered states and demonstrating quantum critical dynamics consistent with an Ising quantum phase transition in (2 + 1) dimensions13. We then create and study several new quantum phases that arise from the interplay between interactions and coherent laser excitation14, experimentally map the phase diagram and investigate the role of quantum fluctuations. Offering a new lens into the study of complex quantum matter, these observations pave the way for investigations of exotic quantum phases, non-equilibrium entanglement dynamics and hardware-efficient realization of quantum algorithms.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03582-4

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