Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance

Reiner Jumpertz Schwartzenberg, Jordan E. Bisanz, Svetlana Lyalina, Peter Spanogiannopoulos, Qi Yan Ang, Jingwei Cai, Sophia Dickmann, Marie Friedrich, Su-Yang Liu, Stephanie L. Collins, Danielle Ingebrigtsen, Steve Miller, Jessie A. Turnbaugh, Andrew D. Patterson, Katherine S. Pollard, Knut Mai, Joachim Spranger () and Peter J. Turnbaugh ()
Additional contact information
Reiner Jumpertz Schwartzenberg: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
Jordan E. Bisanz: University of California San Francisco
Svetlana Lyalina: Gladstone Institutes
Peter Spanogiannopoulos: University of California San Francisco
Qi Yan Ang: University of California San Francisco
Jingwei Cai: The Pennsylvania State University
Sophia Dickmann: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
Marie Friedrich: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
Su-Yang Liu: University of California San Francisco
Stephanie L. Collins: The Pennsylvania State University
Danielle Ingebrigtsen: University of California San Francisco
Steve Miller: University of California San Francisco
Jessie A. Turnbaugh: University of California San Francisco
Andrew D. Patterson: The Pennsylvania State University
Katherine S. Pollard: Gladstone Institutes
Knut Mai: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
Joachim Spranger: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
Peter J. Turnbaugh: University of California San Francisco

Nature, 2021, vol. 595, issue 7866, 272-277

Abstract: Abstract Diet is a major factor that shapes the gut microbiome1, but the consequences of diet-induced changes in the microbiome for host pathophysiology remain poorly understood. We conducted a randomized human intervention study using a very-low-calorie diet (NCT01105143). Although metabolic health was improved, severe calorie restriction led to a decrease in bacterial abundance and restructuring of the gut microbiome. Transplantation of post-diet microbiota to mice decreased their body weight and adiposity relative to mice that received pre-diet microbiota. Weight loss was associated with impaired nutrient absorption and enrichment in Clostridioides difficile, which was consistent with a decrease in bile acids and was sufficient to replicate metabolic phenotypes in mice in a toxin-dependent manner. These results emphasize the importance of diet–microbiome interactions in modulating host energy balance and the need to understand the role of diet in the interplay between pathogenic and beneficial symbionts.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03663-4

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