Structure and mechanism of blood–brain-barrier lipid transporter MFSD2A

Chase A. P. Wood, Jinru Zhang, Deniz Aydin, Yan Xu, Benjamin J. Andreone, Urs H. Langen, Ron O. Dror, Chenghua Gu and Liang Feng ()
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Chase A. P. Wood: Stanford University School of Medicine
Jinru Zhang: Stanford University School of Medicine
Yan Xu: Stanford University School of Medicine
Benjamin J. Andreone: Harvard Medical School
Urs H. Langen: Harvard Medical School
Ron O. Dror: Stanford University School of Medicine
Chenghua Gu: Harvard Medical School
Liang Feng: Stanford University School of Medicine

Nature, 2021, vol. 596, issue 7872, 444-448

Abstract: Abstract MFSD2A is a sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter that is responsible for the uptake of docosahexaenoic acid into the brain1,2, which is crucial for the development and performance of the brain3. Mutations that affect MFSD2A cause microcephaly syndromes4,5. The ability of MFSD2A to transport lipid is also a key mechanism that underlies its function as an inhibitor of transcytosis to regulate the blood–brain barrier6,7. Thus, MFSD2A represents an attractive target for modulating the permeability of the blood–brain barrier for drug delivery. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of mouse MFSD2A. Our structure defines the architecture of this important transporter, reveals its unique extracellular domain and uncovers its substrate-binding cavity. The structure—together with our functional studies and molecular dynamics simulations—identifies a conserved sodium-binding site, reveals a potential lipid entry pathway and helps to rationalize MFSD2A mutations that underlie microcephaly syndromes. These results shed light on the critical lipid transport function of MFSD2A and provide a framework to aid in the design of specific modulators for therapeutic purposes.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03782-y

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