How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity

Xiao Feng (), Cory Merow, Zhihua Liu, Daniel S. Park, Patrick R. Roehrdanz, Brian Maitner, Erica A. Newman, Brad L. Boyle, Aaron Lien, Joseph R. Burger, Mathias M. Pires, Paulo M. Brando, Mark B. Bush, Crystal N. H. McMichael, Danilo M. Neves, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Scott R. Saleska, Lee Hannah, David D. Breshears, Tom P. Evans, José R. Soto, Kacey C. Ernst and Brian J. Enquist
Additional contact information
Xiao Feng: Florida State University
Cory Merow: University of Connecticut
Zhihua Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Daniel S. Park: Purdue University
Patrick R. Roehrdanz: Conservation International
Brian Maitner: University of Connecticut
Erica A. Newman: University of Arizona
Brad L. Boyle: University of Arizona
Aaron Lien: University of Arizona
Joseph R. Burger: University of Arizona
Mathias M. Pires: Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Paulo M. Brando: University of California, Irvine
Mark B. Bush: Florida Institute of Technology
Crystal N. H. McMichael: University of Amsterdam
Danilo M. Neves: Federal University of Minas Gerais
Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos: Florida Institute of Technology
Scott R. Saleska: University of Arizona
Lee Hannah: Conservation International
David D. Breshears: University of Arizona
Tom P. Evans: University of Arizona
José R. Soto: University of Arizona
Kacey C. Ernst: University of Arizona
Brian J. Enquist: University of Arizona

Nature, 2021, vol. 597, issue 7877, 516-521

Abstract: Abstract Biodiversity contributes to the ecological and climatic stability of the Amazon Basin1,2, but is increasingly threatened by deforestation and fire3,4. Here we quantify these impacts over the past two decades using remote-sensing estimates of fire and deforestation and comprehensive range estimates of 11,514 plant species and 3,079 vertebrate species in the Amazon. Deforestation has led to large amounts of habitat loss, and fires further exacerbate this already substantial impact on Amazonian biodiversity. Since 2001, 103,079–189,755 km2 of Amazon rainforest has been impacted by fires, potentially impacting the ranges of 77.3–85.2% of species that are listed as threatened in this region5. The impacts of fire on the ranges of species in Amazonia could be as high as 64%, and greater impacts are typically associated with species that have restricted ranges. We find close associations between forest policy, fire-impacted forest area and their potential impacts on biodiversity. In Brazil, forest policies that were initiated in the mid-2000s corresponded to reduced rates of burning. However, relaxed enforcement of these policies in 2019 has seemingly begun to reverse this trend: approximately 4,253–10,343 km2 of forest has been impacted by fire, leading to some of the most severe potential impacts on biodiversity since 2009. These results highlight the critical role of policy enforcement in the preservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03876-7

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