High-frequency and intrinsically stretchable polymer diodes

Naoji Matsuhisa, Simiao Niu, Stephen J. K. O’Neill, Jiheong Kang, Yuto Ochiai, Toru Katsumata, Hung-Chin Wu, Minoru Ashizawa, Ging-Ji Nathan Wang, Donglai Zhong, Xuelin Wang, Xiwen Gong, Rui Ning, Huaxin Gong, Insang You, Yu Zheng, Zhitao Zhang, Jeffrey B.-H. Tok, Xiaodong Chen and Zhenan Bao ()
Additional contact information
Naoji Matsuhisa: Stanford University
Simiao Niu: Stanford University
Stephen J. K. O’Neill: Stanford University
Jiheong Kang: Stanford University
Yuto Ochiai: Stanford University
Toru Katsumata: Stanford University
Hung-Chin Wu: Stanford University
Minoru Ashizawa: Stanford University
Ging-Ji Nathan Wang: Stanford University
Donglai Zhong: Stanford University
Xuelin Wang: Stanford University
Xiwen Gong: Stanford University
Rui Ning: Stanford University
Huaxin Gong: Stanford University
Insang You: Stanford University
Yu Zheng: Stanford University
Zhitao Zhang: Stanford University
Jeffrey B.-H. Tok: Stanford University
Xiaodong Chen: Nanyang Technological University
Zhenan Bao: Stanford University

Nature, 2021, vol. 600, issue 7888, 246-252

Abstract: Abstract Skin-like intrinsically stretchable soft electronic devices are essential to realize next-generation remote and preventative medicine for advanced personal healthcare1–4. The recent development of intrinsically stretchable conductors and semiconductors has enabled highly mechanically robust and skin-conformable electronic circuits or optoelectronic devices2,5–10. However, their operating frequencies have been limited to less than 100 hertz, which is much lower than that required for many applications. Here we report intrinsically stretchable diodes—based on stretchable organic and nanomaterials—capable of operating at a frequency as high as 13.56 megahertz. This operating frequency is high enough for the wireless operation of soft sensors and electrochromic display pixels using radiofrequency identification in which the base-carrier frequency is 6.78 megahertz or 13.56 megahertz. This was achieved through a combination of rational material design and device engineering. Specifically, we developed a stretchable anode, cathode, semiconductor and current collector that can satisfy the strict requirements for high-frequency operation. Finally, we show the operational feasibility of our diode by integrating it with a stretchable sensor, electrochromic display pixel and antenna to realize a stretchable wireless tag. This work is an important step towards enabling enhanced functionalities and capabilities for skin-like wearable electronics.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04053-6

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