All-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved grain surface passivation

Renxing Lin, Jian Xu, Mingyang Wei, Yurui Wang, Zhengyuan Qin, Zhou Liu, Jinlong Wu, Ke Xiao, Bin Chen, So Min Park, Gang Chen, Harindi R. Atapattu, Kenneth R. Graham, Jun Xu, Jia Zhu, Ludong Li, Chunfeng Zhang, Edward H. Sargent () and Hairen Tan ()
Additional contact information
Renxing Lin: Nanjing University
Jian Xu: University of Toronto
Mingyang Wei: University of Toronto
Yurui Wang: Nanjing University
Zhengyuan Qin: Nanjing University
Zhou Liu: Nanjing University
Jinlong Wu: Nanjing University
Ke Xiao: Nanjing University
Bin Chen: University of Toronto
So Min Park: University of Toronto
Gang Chen: Shanghai Tech University
Harindi R. Atapattu: University of Kentucky
Kenneth R. Graham: University of Kentucky
Jun Xu: Nanjing University
Jia Zhu: Nanjing University
Ludong Li: Nanjing University
Chunfeng Zhang: Nanjing University
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto
Hairen Tan: Nanjing University

Nature, 2022, vol. 603, issue 7899, 73-78

Abstract: Abstract All-perovskite tandem solar cells hold the promise of surpassing the efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells1–3; however, until now, the best-performing all-perovskite tandem solar cells have exhibited lower certified efficiency than have single-junction perovskite solar cells4,5. A thick mixed Pb–Sn narrow-bandgap subcell is needed to achieve high photocurrent density in tandem solar cells6, yet this is challenging owing to the short carrier diffusion length within Pb–Sn perovskites. Here we develop ammonium-cation-passivated Pb–Sn perovskites with long diffusion lengths, enabling subcells that have an absorber thickness of approximately 1.2 μm. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that widely used phenethylammonium cations are only partially adsorbed on the surface defective sites at perovskite crystallization temperatures. The passivator adsorption is predicted to be enhanced using 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylammonium (CF3-PA), which exhibits a stronger perovskite surface-passivator interaction than does phenethylammonium. By adding a small amount of CF3-PA into the precursor solution, we increase the carrier diffusion length within Pb–Sn perovskites twofold, to over 5 μm, and increase the efficiency of Pb–Sn perovskite solar cells to over 22%. We report a certified efficiency of 26.4% in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, which exceeds that of the best-performing single-junction perovskite solar cells. Encapsulated tandem devices retain more than 90% of their initial performance after 600 h of operation at the maximum power point under 1 Sun illumination in ambient conditions.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04372-8

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