Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Vassily Trubetskoy, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Ting Qi, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Swapnil Awasthi, Tim B. Bigdeli, Julien Bryois, Chia-Yen Chen, Charlotte A. Dennison, Lynsey S. Hall, Max Lam, Kyoko Watanabe, Oleksandr Frei, Tian Ge, Janet C. Harwood, Frank Koopmans, Sigurdur Magnusson, Alexander L. Richards, Julia Sidorenko, Yang Wu, Jian Zeng, Jakob Grove, Minsoo Kim, Zhiqiang Li, Georgios Voloudakis, Wen Zhang, Mark Adams, Ingrid Agartz, Elizabeth G. Atkinson, Esben Agerbo, Mariam Al Eissa, Margot Albus, Madeline Alexander, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Köksal Alptekin, Thomas D. Als, Farooq Amin, Volker Arolt, Manuel Arrojo, Lavinia Athanasiu, Maria Helena Azevedo, Silviu A. Bacanu, Nicholas J. Bass, Martin Begemann, Richard A. Belliveau, Judit Bene, Beben Benyamin, Sarah E. Bergen, Giuseppe Blasi, Julio Bobes, Stefano Bonassi, Alice Braun, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Evelyn J. Bromet, Richard Bruggeman, Peter F. Buckley, Randy L. Buckner, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Wiepke Cahn, Murray J. Cairns, Monica E. Calkins, Vaughan J. Carr, David Castle, Stanley V. Catts, Kimberley D. Chambert, Raymond C. K. Chan, Boris Chaumette, Wei Cheng, Eric F. C. Cheung, Siow Ann Chong, David Cohen, Angèle Consoli, Quirino Cordeiro, Javier Costas, Charles Curtis, Michael Davidson, Kenneth L. Davis, Lieuwe Haan, Franziska Degenhardt, Lynn E. DeLisi, Ditte Demontis, Faith Dickerson, Dimitris Dikeos, Timothy Dinan, Srdjan Djurovic, Jubao Duan, Giuseppe Ducci, Frank Dudbridge, Johan G. Eriksson, Lourdes Fañanás, Stephen V. Faraone, Alessia Fiorentino, Andreas Forstner, Josef Frank, Nelson B. Freimer, Menachem Fromer, Alessandra Frustaci, Ary Gadelha, Giulio Genovese, Elliot S. Gershon, Marianna Giannitelli, Ina Giegling, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Stephanie Godard, Jacqueline I. Goldstein, Javier González Peñas, Ana González-Pinto, Srihari Gopal, Jacob Gratten, Michael F. Green, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Olivier Guillin, Sinan Gülöksüz, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur, Blanca Gutiérrez, Eric Hahn, Hakon Hakonarson, Vahram Haroutunian, Annette M. Hartmann, Carol Harvey, Caroline Hayward, Frans A. Henskens, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Daniel P. Howrigan, Masashi Ikeda, Conrad Iyegbe, Inge Joa, Antonio Julià, Anna K. Kähler, Tony Kam-Thong, Yoichiro Kamatani, Sena Karachanak-Yankova, Oussama Kebir, Matthew C. Keller, Brian J. Kelly, Andrey Khrunin, Sung-Wan Kim, Janis Klovins, Nikolay Kondratiev, Bettina Konte, Julia Kraft, Michiaki Kubo, Vaidutis Kučinskas, Zita Ausrele Kučinskiene, Agung Kusumawardhani, Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova, Stefano Landi, Laura C. Lazzeroni, Phil H. Lee, Sophie E. Legge, Douglas S. Lehrer, Rebecca Lencer, Bernard Lerer, Miaoxin Li, Jeffrey Lieberman, Gregory A. Light, Svetlana Limborska, Chih-Min Liu, Jouko Lönnqvist, Carmel M. Loughland, Jan Lubinski, Jurjen J. Luykx, Amy Lynham, Milan Macek, Andrew Mackinnon, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Brion S. Maher, Wolfgang Maier, Dolores Malaspina, Jacques Mallet, Stephen R. Marder, Sara Marsal, Alicia R. Martin, Lourdes Martorell, Manuel Mattheisen, Robert W. McCarley, Colm McDonald, John J. McGrath, Helena Medeiros, Sandra Meier, Bela Melegh, Ingrid Melle, Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately, Andres Metspalu, Patricia T. Michie, Lili Milani, Vihra Milanova, Marina Mitjans, Espen Molden, Esther Molina, María Dolores Molto, Valeria Mondelli, Carmen Moreno, Christopher P. Morley, Gerard Muntané, Kieran C. Murphy, Inez Myin-Germeys, Igor Nenadić, Gerald Nestadt, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Cristiano Noto, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Niamh Louise O’Brien, F. Anthony O’Neill, Sang-Yun Oh, Ann Olincy, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Christos Pantelis, George N. Papadimitriou, Mara Parellada, Tiina Paunio, Renata Pellegrino, Sathish Periyasamy, Diana O. Perkins, Bruno Pfuhlmann, Olli Pietiläinen, Jonathan Pimm, David Porteous, John Powell, Diego Quattrone, Digby Quested, Allen D. Radant, Antonio Rampino, Mark H. Rapaport, Anna Rautanen, Abraham Reichenberg, Cheryl Roe, Joshua L. Roffman, Julian Roth, Matthias Rothermundt, Bart P. F. Rutten, Safaa Saker-Delye, Veikko Salomaa, Julio Sanjuan, Marcos Leite Santoro, Adam Savitz, Ulrich Schall, Rodney J. Scott, Larry J. Seidman, Sally Isabel Sharp, Jianxin Shi, Larry J. Siever, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Kang Sim, Nora Skarabis, Petr Slominsky, Hon-Cheong So, Janet L. Sobell, Erik Söderman, Helen J. Stain, Nils Eiel Steen, Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar, Elisabeth Stögmann, William S. Stone, Richard E. Straub, Fabian Streit, Eric Strengman, T. Scott Stroup, Mythily Subramaniam, Catherine A. Sugar, Jaana Suvisaari, Dragan M. Svrakic, Neal R. Swerdlow, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Thi Minh Tam Ta, Atsushi Takahashi, Chikashi Terao, Florence Thibaut, Draga Toncheva, Paul A. Tooney, Silvia Torretta, Sarah Tosato, Gian Battista Tura, Bruce I. Turetsky, Alp Üçok, Arne Vaaler, Therese Amelsvoort, Ruud Winkel, Juha Veijola, John Waddington, Henrik Walter, Anna Waterreus, Bradley T. Webb, Mark Weiser, Nigel M. Williams, Stephanie H. Witt, Brandon K. Wormley, Jing Qin Wu, Zhida Xu, Robert Yolken, Clement C. Zai, Wei Zhou, Feng Zhu, Fritz Zimprich, Eşref Cem Atbaşoğlu, Muhammad Ayub, Christian Benner, Alessandro Bertolino, Donald W. Black, Nicholas J. Bray, Gerome Breen, Nancy G. Buccola, William F. Byerley, Wei J. Chen, C. Robert Cloninger, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Gary Donohoe, Robert Freedman, Cherrie Galletly, Michael J. Gandal, Massimo Gennarelli, David M. Hougaard, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Assen V. Jablensky, Steven A. McCarroll, Jennifer L. Moran, Ole Mors, Preben B. Mortensen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Amanda L. Neil, Merete Nordentoft, Michele T. Pato, Tracey L. Petryshen, Matti Pirinen, Ann E. Pulver, Thomas G. Schulze, Jeremy M. Silverman, Jordan W. Smoller, Eli A. Stahl, Debby W. Tsuang, Elisabet Vilella, Shi-Heng Wang, Shuhua Xu, Rolf Adolfsson, Celso Arango, Bernhard T. Baune, Sintia Iole Belangero, Anders D. Børglum, David Braff, Elvira Bramon, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Dominique Campion, Jorge A. Cervilla, Sven Cichon, David A. Collier, Aiden Corvin, David Curtis, Marta Di Forti, Enrico Domenici, Hannelore Ehrenreich, Valentina Escott-Price, Tõnu Esko, Ayman H. Fanous, Anna Gareeva, Micha Gawlik, Pablo V. Gejman, Michael Gill, Stephen J. Glatt, Vera Golimbet, Kyung Sue Hong, Christina M. Hultman, Steven E. Hyman, Nakao Iwata, Erik G. Jönsson, René S. Kahn, James L. Kennedy, Elza Khusnutdinova, George Kirov, James A. Knowles, Marie-Odile Krebs, Claudine Laurent-Levinson, Jimmy Lee, Todd Lencz, Douglas F. Levinson, Qingqin S. Li, Jianjun Liu, Anil K. Malhotra, Dheeraj Malhotra, Andrew McIntosh, Andrew McQuillin, Paulo R. Menezes, Vera A. Morgan, Derek W. Morris, Bryan J. Mowry, Robin M. Murray, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Markus M. Nöthen, Roel A. Ophoff, Sara A. Paciga, Aarno Palotie, Carlos N. Pato, Shengying Qin, Marcella Rietschel, Brien P. Riley, Margarita Rivera, Dan Rujescu, Meram C. Saka, Alan R. Sanders, Sibylle G. Schwab, Alessandro Serretti, Pak C. Sham, Yongyong Shi, David Clair, Hreinn Stefánsson, Kari Stefansson, Ming T. Tsuang, Jim Os, Marquis P. Vawter, Daniel R. Weinberger, Thomas Werge, Dieter B. Wildenauer, Xin Yu, Weihua Yue, Peter A. Holmans, Andrew J. Pocklington, Panos Roussos, Evangelos Vassos, Matthijs Verhage, Peter M. Visscher, Jian Yang, Danielle Posthuma, Ole A. Andreassen, Kenneth S. Kendler, Michael J. Owen, Naomi R. Wray, Mark J. Daly, Hailiang Huang, Benjamin M. Neale, Patrick F. Sullivan, Stephan Ripke (), James T. R. Walters () and Michael C. O’Donovan ()
Additional contact information
Vassily Trubetskoy: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Antonio F. Pardiñas: Cardiff University
Ting Qi: University of Queensland
Georgia Panagiotaropoulou: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Swapnil Awasthi: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Tim B. Bigdeli: SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Julien Bryois: Karolinska Institutet
Chia-Yen Chen: Biogen
Charlotte A. Dennison: Cardiff University
Lynsey S. Hall: Cardiff University
Max Lam: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Kyoko Watanabe: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Oleksandr Frei: University of Oslo
Tian Ge: Massachusetts General Hospital
Janet C. Harwood: Cardiff University
Frank Koopmans: Vrije Universiteit
Sigurdur Magnusson: deCODE Genetics, Amgen
Alexander L. Richards: Cardiff University
Julia Sidorenko: University of Queensland
Yang Wu: University of Queensland
Jian Zeng: University of Queensland
Jakob Grove: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Minsoo Kim: University of California Los Angeles
Zhiqiang Li: Qingdao University
Georgios Voloudakis: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Wen Zhang: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Mark Adams: University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital
Ingrid Agartz: University of Oslo
Elizabeth G. Atkinson: Massachusetts General Hospital
Esben Agerbo: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Mariam Al Eissa: University College London
Margot Albus: Comedicum Lindwurmhof
Madeline Alexander: Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital
Behrooz Z. Alizadeh: University of Groningen
Köksal Alptekin: Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine
Thomas D. Als: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Farooq Amin: Emory University
Volker Arolt: University of Münster
Manuel Arrojo: Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS)
Lavinia Athanasiu: University of Oslo
Maria Helena Azevedo: University of Coimbra
Silviu A. Bacanu: Virginia Commonwealth University
Nicholas J. Bass: University College London
Martin Begemann: Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine
Richard A. Belliveau: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Judit Bene: University of Pécs
Beben Benyamin: University of South Australia
Sarah E. Bergen: Karolinska Institutet
Giuseppe Blasi: University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
Julio Bobes: Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA)
Stefano Bonassi: Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and San Raffaele University
Alice Braun: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan: Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Evelyn J. Bromet: Stony Brook University
Richard Bruggeman: University of Groningen
Peter F. Buckley: University of Tennessee
Randy L. Buckner: Harvard University
Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Wiepke Cahn: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience
Murray J. Cairns: University of Newcastle
Monica E. Calkins: University of Pennsylvania
Vaughan J. Carr: University of New South Wales
David Castle: University of Melbourne
Stanley V. Catts: The University of Sydney
Kimberley D. Chambert: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Raymond C. K. Chan: Chinese Academy of Science
Boris Chaumette: INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences
Wei Cheng: University of North Carolina
Eric F. C. Cheung: Castle Peak Hospital
Siow Ann Chong: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health
David Cohen: Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière
Angèle Consoli: Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière
Quirino Cordeiro: Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo
Javier Costas: Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS)
Charles Curtis: King’s College London
Michael Davidson: University of Nicosia Medical School
Kenneth L. Davis: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Lieuwe Haan: University of Amsterdam
Franziska Degenhardt: University of Bonn
Lynn E. DeLisi: Harvard Medical School
Ditte Demontis: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Faith Dickerson: Sheppard Pratt Health System
Dimitris Dikeos: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital
Timothy Dinan: University College Cork
Srdjan Djurovic: University of Bergen
Jubao Duan: NorthShore University HealthSystem
Giuseppe Ducci: Department of Mental Health, ASL Rome 1
Frank Dudbridge: University of Leicester
Johan G. Eriksson: University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital
Lourdes Fañanás: University of Barcelona
Stephen V. Faraone: SUNY Upstate Medical University
Alessia Fiorentino: University College London
Andreas Forstner: University of Bonn
Josef Frank: University of Heidelberg
Nelson B. Freimer: University of California Los Angeles
Menachem Fromer: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Alessandra Frustaci: Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St Ann’s Hospital
Ary Gadelha: Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Giulio Genovese: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Elliot S. Gershon: University of Chicago
Marianna Giannitelli: Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière
Ina Giegling: Medical University of Vienna
Paola Giusti-Rodríguez: University of North Carolina
Stephanie Godard: Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière
Jacqueline I. Goldstein: Massachusetts General Hospital
Javier González Peñas: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Ana González-Pinto: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Srihari Gopal: Janssen Research and Development
Jacob Gratten: University of Queensland
Michael F. Green: Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
Tiffany A. Greenwood: University of California San Diego
Olivier Guillin: INSERM
Sinan Gülöksüz: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre
Raquel E. Gur: University of Pennsylvania
Ruben C. Gur: University of Pennsylvania
Blanca Gutiérrez: University of Granada
Eric Hahn: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Hakon Hakonarson: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center
Vahram Haroutunian: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Annette M. Hartmann: Medical University of Vienna
Carol Harvey: University of Melbourne
Caroline Hayward: University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital
Frans A. Henskens: University of Newcastle
Stefan Herms: University of Basel
Per Hoffmann: University of Basel
Daniel P. Howrigan: Massachusetts General Hospital
Masashi Ikeda: Fujita Health University School of Medicine
Conrad Iyegbe: King’s College London
Inge Joa: Stavanger University Hospital
Antonio Julià: Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute
Anna K. Kähler: Karolinska Institutet
Tony Kam-Thong: Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche
Yoichiro Kamatani: The University of Tokyo
Sena Karachanak-Yankova: Medical University
Oussama Kebir: INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences
Matthew C. Keller: University of Colorado Boulder
Brian J. Kelly: University of Newcastle
Andrey Khrunin: Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
Sung-Wan Kim: Chonnam National University Medical School
Janis Klovins: Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre
Nikolay Kondratiev: Mental Health Research Center
Bettina Konte: Medical University of Vienna
Julia Kraft: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Michiaki Kubo: RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
Vaidutis Kučinskas: Vilnius University
Zita Ausrele Kučinskiene: Vilnius University
Agung Kusumawardhani: University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital
Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova: 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital
Stefano Landi: Universita’ di Pisa
Laura C. Lazzeroni: Stanford University
Phil H. Lee: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Sophie E. Legge: Cardiff University
Douglas S. Lehrer: Wright State University
Rebecca Lencer: University of Münster
Bernard Lerer: Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
Miaoxin Li: Sun Yat-sen University
Jeffrey Lieberman: Columbia University
Gregory A. Light: University of California San Diego
Svetlana Limborska: Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
Chih-Min Liu: National Taiwan University Hospital
Jouko Lönnqvist: National Institute for Health and Welfare
Carmel M. Loughland: Hunter New England Health and University of Newcastle
Jan Lubinski: Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Jurjen J. Luykx: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre
Amy Lynham: Cardiff University
Milan Macek: 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol
Andrew Mackinnon: University of New South Wales
Patrik K. E. Magnusson: Karolinska Institutet
Brion S. Maher: Johns Hopkins University
Wolfgang Maier: University Hospital Bonn
Dolores Malaspina: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Jacques Mallet: Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière
Stephen R. Marder: University of California Los Angeles
Sara Marsal: Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute
Alicia R. Martin: Massachusetts General Hospital
Lourdes Martorell: Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM
Manuel Mattheisen: Aarhus University
Robert W. McCarley: VA Boston Health Care System
Colm McDonald: National University of Ireland Galway
John J. McGrath: Aarhus University
Helena Medeiros: University of Southern California
Sandra Meier: Dalhousie University
Bela Melegh: University of Pécs, School of Medicine
Ingrid Melle: University of Oslo
Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately: Harvard Medical School
Andres Metspalu: University of Tartu
Patricia T. Michie: University of Newcastle
Lili Milani: University of Tartu
Vihra Milanova: Alexandrovska University Hospital
Marina Mitjans: Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine
Espen Molden: University of Oslo
Esther Molina: University of Granada
María Dolores Molto: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Valeria Mondelli: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
Carmen Moreno: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Christopher P. Morley: State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Gerard Muntané: Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM
Kieran C. Murphy: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Inez Myin-Germeys: KU Leuven
Igor Nenadić: Philipps Universität Marburg
Gerald Nestadt: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Liene Nikitina-Zake: Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre
Cristiano Noto: Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Keith H. Nuechterlein: Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
Niamh Louise O’Brien: University College London
F. Anthony O’Neill: Queen’s University Belfast
Sang-Yun Oh: University of California at Santa Barbara
Ann Olincy: University of Colorado Denver
Vanessa Kiyomi Ota: Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Christos Pantelis: NorthWestern Mental Health
George N. Papadimitriou: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital
Mara Parellada: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Tiina Paunio: National Institute for Health and Welfare
Renata Pellegrino: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center
Sathish Periyasamy: University of Queensland
Diana O. Perkins: University of North Carolina
Bruno Pfuhlmann: Weißer Hirsch
Olli Pietiläinen: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Jonathan Pimm: University College London
David Porteous: University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital
John Powell: King’s College London
Diego Quattrone: King’s College London
Digby Quested: Warneford Hospital
Allen D. Radant: University of Washington
Antonio Rampino: University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
Mark H. Rapaport: University of Utah School of Medicine
Anna Rautanen: Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche
Abraham Reichenberg: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Cheryl Roe: SUNY Upstate Medical University
Joshua L. Roffman: Massachusetts General Hospital
Julian Roth: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Matthias Rothermundt: University of Münster
Bart P. F. Rutten: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre
Safaa Saker-Delye: Généthon
Veikko Salomaa: THL–Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
Julio Sanjuan: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Marcos Leite Santoro: Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Adam Savitz: Janssen Research and Development
Ulrich Schall: Hunter Medical Research Institute
Rodney J. Scott: University of Newcastle
Larry J. Seidman: Harvard Medical School
Sally Isabel Sharp: University College London
Jianxin Shi: National Cancer Institute
Larry J. Siever: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Engilbert Sigurdsson: University of Iceland
Kang Sim: West Region, Institute of Mental Health
Nora Skarabis: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Petr Slominsky: Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
Hon-Cheong So: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Janet L. Sobell: University of Southern California
Erik Söderman: Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region
Helen J. Stain: Leeds Trinity University
Nils Eiel Steen: Oslo University Hospital
Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar: Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine
Elisabeth Stögmann: Medical University of Vienna
William S. Stone: Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Richard E. Straub: Lieber Institute for Brain Development
Fabian Streit: University of Heidelberg
Eric Strengman: University Medical Centre Utrecht
T. Scott Stroup: Columbia University
Mythily Subramaniam: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health
Catherine A. Sugar: Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
Jaana Suvisaari: THL–Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
Dragan M. Svrakic: Washington University
Neal R. Swerdlow: University of California San Diego
Jin P. Szatkiewicz: University of North Carolina
Thi Minh Tam Ta: Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Atsushi Takahashi: Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
Chikashi Terao: Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
Florence Thibaut: Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin-Tarnier
Draga Toncheva: Medical University
Paul A. Tooney: University of Newcastle
Silvia Torretta: University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
Sarah Tosato: University of Verona
Gian Battista Tura: IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli
Bruce I. Turetsky: University of Pennsylvania
Alp Üçok: Istanbul University
Arne Vaaler: Trondheim University Hospital
Therese Amelsvoort: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
Ruud Winkel: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre
Juha Veijola: University of Oulu
John Waddington: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Henrik Walter: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Anna Waterreus: University of Western Australia
Bradley T. Webb: Virginia Commonwealth University
Mark Weiser: Sheba Medical Center
Nigel M. Williams: Cardiff University
Stephanie H. Witt: University of Heidelberg
Brandon K. Wormley: Virginia Commonwealth University
Jing Qin Wu: Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
Zhida Xu: GGz Centraal
Robert Yolken: Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Clement C. Zai: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Wei Zhou: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Feng Zhu: The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
Fritz Zimprich: Medical University of Vienna
Eşref Cem Atbaşoğlu: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Muhammad Ayub: Queens University Kingston
Christian Benner: University of Helsinki
Alessandro Bertolino: University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
Donald W. Black: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
Nicholas J. Bray: Cardiff University
Gerome Breen: King’s College London
Nancy G. Buccola: School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
William F. Byerley: University of California San Francisco
Wei J. Chen: National Health Research Institutes
C. Robert Cloninger: Washington University
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro: University of Sevilla, CIBERSAM IBiS
Gary Donohoe: National University of Ireland Galway
Robert Freedman: University of Colorado Denver
Cherrie Galletly: University of Adelaide
Michael J. Gandal: University of California Los Angeles
Massimo Gennarelli: University of Brescia
David M. Hougaard: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Hai-Gwo Hwu: National Taiwan University
Assen V. Jablensky: University of Western Australia
Steven A. McCarroll: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Jennifer L. Moran: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Ole Mors: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Preben B. Mortensen: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Bertram Müller-Myhsok: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
Amanda L. Neil: University of Tasmania
Merete Nordentoft: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
Michele T. Pato: Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Tracey L. Petryshen: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Matti Pirinen: University of Helsinki
Ann E. Pulver: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Thomas G. Schulze: University Hospital, LMU Munich
Jeremy M. Silverman: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Jordan W. Smoller: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Eli A. Stahl: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Debby W. Tsuang: University of Washington
Elisabet Vilella: Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM
Shi-Heng Wang: College of Public Health, China Medical University
Shuhua Xu: Fudan University
Rolf Adolfsson: Umeå University
Celso Arango: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
Bernhard T. Baune: University of Münster
Sintia Iole Belangero: Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Anders D. Børglum: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH)
David Braff: University of California San Diego
Elvira Bramon: University College London
Joseph D. Buxbaum: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Dominique Campion: INSERM
Jorge A. Cervilla: San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada
Sven Cichon: University Hospital Basel
David A. Collier: Eli Lilly and Company
Aiden Corvin: Trinity College Dublin
David Curtis: University College London
Marta Di Forti: King’s College London
Enrico Domenici: University of Trento
Hannelore Ehrenreich: Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine
Valentina Escott-Price: Cardiff University
Tõnu Esko: University of Tartu
Ayman H. Fanous: Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System
Anna Gareeva: Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS)
Micha Gawlik: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Pablo V. Gejman: NorthShore University HealthSystem
Michael Gill: Trinity College Dublin
Stephen J. Glatt: SUNY Upstate Medical University
Vera Golimbet: Mental Health Research Center
Kyung Sue Hong: Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center
Christina M. Hultman: Karolinska Institutet
Steven E. Hyman: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Nakao Iwata: Fujita Health University School of Medicine
Erik G. Jönsson: Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region
René S. Kahn: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience
James L. Kennedy: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Elza Khusnutdinova: Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS)
George Kirov: Cardiff University
James A. Knowles: Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California
Marie-Odile Krebs: INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences
Claudine Laurent-Levinson: Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière
Jimmy Lee: Institute of Mental Health
Todd Lencz: Zucker Hillside Hospital
Douglas F. Levinson: Stanford University
Qingqin S. Li: Janssen Research and Development
Jianjun Liu: Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR
Anil K. Malhotra: Zucker Hillside Hospital
Dheeraj Malhotra: Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche
Andrew McIntosh: University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital
Andrew McQuillin: University College London
Paulo R. Menezes: University of São Paulo
Vera A. Morgan: University of Western Australia
Derek W. Morris: National University of Ireland Galway
Bryan J. Mowry: University of Queensland
Robin M. Murray: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
Vishwajit Nimgaonkar: University of Pittsburgh
Markus M. Nöthen: University of Bonn
Roel A. Ophoff: University of California Los Angeles
Sara A. Paciga: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
Aarno Palotie: University of Helsinki
Carlos N. Pato: Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Shengying Qin: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Marcella Rietschel: University of Heidelberg
Brien P. Riley: Virginia Commonwealth University
Margarita Rivera: University of Granada
Dan Rujescu: Medical University of Vienna
Meram C. Saka: Ankara University
Alan R. Sanders: NorthShore University HealthSystem
Sibylle G. Schwab: University of Wollongong
Alessandro Serretti: University of Bologna
Pak C. Sham: The University of Hong Kong
Yongyong Shi: Qingdao University
David Clair: University of Aberdeen
Hreinn Stefánsson: deCODE Genetics, Amgen
Kari Stefansson: deCODE Genetics, Amgen
Ming T. Tsuang: University of California San Diego
Jim Os: King’s College London
Marquis P. Vawter: School of Medicine, University of California Irvine
Daniel R. Weinberger: Lieber Institute for Brain Development
Thomas Werge: Copenhagen University Hospital
Dieter B. Wildenauer: University of Western Australia
Xin Yu: Peking University Institute of Mental Health
Weihua Yue: Peking University Institute of Mental Health
Peter A. Holmans: Cardiff University
Andrew J. Pocklington: Cardiff University
Panos Roussos: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Evangelos Vassos: King’s College London
Matthijs Verhage: University Medical Center Amsterdam
Peter M. Visscher: University of Queensland
Jian Yang: University of Queensland
Danielle Posthuma: VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center
Ole A. Andreassen: University of Oslo
Kenneth S. Kendler: Virginia Commonwealth University
Michael J. Owen: Cardiff University
Naomi R. Wray: University of Queensland
Mark J. Daly: Massachusetts General Hospital
Hailiang Huang: Massachusetts General Hospital
Benjamin M. Neale: Massachusetts General Hospital
Patrick F. Sullivan: Karolinska Institutet
Stephan Ripke: Charité - Universitätsmedizin
James T. R. Walters: Cardiff University
Michael C. O’Donovan: Cardiff University

Nature, 2022, vol. 604, issue 7906, 502-508

Abstract: Abstract Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60–80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5

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