One-dimensional Luttinger liquids in a two-dimensional moiré lattice

Pengjie Wang, Guo Yu, Yves H. Kwan, Yanyu Jia, Shiming Lei, Sebastian Klemenz, F. Alexandre Cevallos, Ratnadwip Singha, Trithep Devakul, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Shivaji L. Sondhi, Robert J. Cava, Leslie M. Schoop, Siddharth A. Parameswaran and Sanfeng Wu ()
Additional contact information
Pengjie Wang: Princeton University
Guo Yu: Princeton University
Yves H. Kwan: University of Oxford
Yanyu Jia: Princeton University
Shiming Lei: Princeton University
Sebastian Klemenz: Princeton University
F. Alexandre Cevallos: Princeton University
Ratnadwip Singha: Princeton University
Trithep Devakul: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Shivaji L. Sondhi: Princeton University
Robert J. Cava: Princeton University
Leslie M. Schoop: Princeton University
Siddharth A. Parameswaran: University of Oxford
Sanfeng Wu: Princeton University

Nature, 2022, vol. 605, issue 7908, 57-62

Abstract: Abstract The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics, including phenomena such as spin–charge separation1. Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions, especially in models of closely packed arrays of 1D quantum wires2–13, each being described as a LL. Such coupled-wire models have been successfully used to construct two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic non-Fermi liquids2–6, quantum Hall states7–9, topological phases10,11 and quantum spin liquids12,13. However, an experimental demonstration of high-quality arrays of 1D LLs suitable for realizing these models remains absent. Here we report the experimental realization of 2D arrays of 1D LLs with crystalline quality in a moiré superlattice made of twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2). Originating from the anisotropic lattice of the monolayer, the moiré pattern of tWTe2 hosts identical, parallel 1D electronic channels, separated by a fixed nanoscale distance, which is tuneable by the interlayer twist angle. At a twist angle of approximately 5 degrees, we find that hole-doped tWTe2 exhibits exceptionally large transport anisotropy with a resistance ratio of around 1,000 between two orthogonal in-plane directions. The across-wire conductance exhibits power-law scaling behaviours, consistent with the formation of a 2D anisotropic phase that resembles an array of LLs. Our results open the door for realizing a variety of correlated and topological quantum phases based on coupled-wire models and LL physics.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04514-6

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