A tissue-like neurotransmitter sensor for the brain and gut

Jinxing Li, Yuxin Liu, Lei Yuan, Baibing Zhang, Estelle Spear Bishop, Kecheng Wang, Jing Tang, Yu-Qing Zheng, Wenhui Xu, Simiao Niu, Levent Beker, Thomas L. Li, Gan Chen, Modupeola Diyaolu, Anne-Laure Thomas, Vittorio Mottini, Jeffrey B.-H. Tok, James C. Y. Dunn, Bianxiao Cui, Sergiu P. Pașca, Yi Cui, Aida Habtezion, Xiaoke Chen () and Zhenan Bao ()
Additional contact information
Jinxing Li: Stanford University
Yuxin Liu: Stanford University
Lei Yuan: Stanford University
Baibing Zhang: Stanford University
Estelle Spear Bishop: Stanford University School of Medicine
Kecheng Wang: Stanford University
Jing Tang: Stanford University
Yu-Qing Zheng: Stanford University
Wenhui Xu: Stanford University
Simiao Niu: Stanford University
Levent Beker: Stanford University
Thomas L. Li: Stanford University
Gan Chen: Stanford University
Modupeola Diyaolu: Stanford University
Anne-Laure Thomas: Stanford University
Vittorio Mottini: Stanford University
Jeffrey B.-H. Tok: Stanford University
James C. Y. Dunn: Stanford University
Bianxiao Cui: Stanford University
Sergiu P. Pașca: Stanford University
Yi Cui: Stanford University
Aida Habtezion: Stanford University School of Medicine
Xiaoke Chen: Stanford University
Zhenan Bao: Stanford University

Nature, 2022, vol. 606, issue 7912, 94-101

Abstract: Abstract Neurotransmitters play essential roles in regulating neural circuit dynamics both in the central nervous system as well as at the peripheral, including the gastrointestinal tract1–3. Their real-time monitoring will offer critical information for understanding neural function and diagnosing disease1–3. However, bioelectronic tools to monitor the dynamics of neurotransmitters in vivo, especially in the enteric nervous systems, are underdeveloped. This is mainly owing to the limited availability of biosensing tools that are capable of examining soft, complex and actively moving organs. Here we introduce a tissue-mimicking, stretchable, neurochemical biological interface termed NeuroString, which is prepared by laser patterning of a metal-complexed polyimide into an interconnected graphene/nanoparticle network embedded in an elastomer. NeuroString sensors allow chronic in vivo real-time, multichannel and multiplexed monoamine sensing in the brain of behaving mouse, as well as measuring serotonin dynamics in the gut without undesired stimulations and perturbing peristaltic movements. The described elastic and conformable biosensing interface has broad potential for studying the impact of neurotransmitters on gut microbes, brain–gut communication and may ultimately be extended to biomolecular sensing in other soft organs across the body.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04615-2

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