The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop

Nadia Kamal, Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt, Johan Bentzer, Heidrun Gundlach, Georg Haberer, Angéla Juhász, Thomas Lux, Utpal Bose, Jason A. Tye-Din, Daniel Lang, Nico Gessel, Ralf Reski, Yong-Bi Fu, Peter Spégel, Alf Ceplitis, Axel Himmelbach, Amanda J. Waters, Wubishet A. Bekele, Michelle L. Colgrave, Mats Hansson, Nils Stein, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, Nicholas A. Tinker, Martin Mascher, Olof Olsson, Manuel Spannagl () and Nick Sirijovski ()
Additional contact information
Nadia Kamal: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt: Lund University
Johan Bentzer: Lund University
Heidrun Gundlach: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Georg Haberer: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Angéla Juhász: School of Science, Edith Cowan University
Thomas Lux: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Utpal Bose: School of Science, Edith Cowan University
Jason A. Tye-Din: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
Daniel Lang: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Nico Gessel: University of Freiburg
Ralf Reski: University of Freiburg
Yong-Bi Fu: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Peter Spégel: Lund University
Alf Ceplitis: Lantmännen
Axel Himmelbach: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)
Amanda J. Waters: PepsiCo
Wubishet A. Bekele: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Michelle L. Colgrave: School of Science, Edith Cowan University
Mats Hansson: Lund University
Nils Stein: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)
Klaus F. X. Mayer: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Eric N. Jellen: Brigham Young University
Peter J. Maughan: Brigham Young University
Nicholas A. Tinker: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Martin Mascher: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)
Olof Olsson: Lund University
Manuel Spannagl: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Nick Sirijovski: Lund University

Nature, 2022, vol. 606, issue 7912, 113-119

Abstract: Abstract Cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) is an allohexaploid (AACCDD, 2n = 6x = 42) thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago while growing as a weed in wheat, emmer and barley fields in Anatolia1,2. Oat has a low carbon footprint, substantial health benefits and the potential to replace animal-based food products. However, the lack of a fully annotated reference genome has hampered efforts to deconvolute its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics. Here we present a high-quality reference genome of A. sativa and close relatives of its diploid (Avena longiglumis, AA, 2n = 14) and tetraploid (Avena insularis, CCDD, 2n = 4x = 28) progenitors. We reveal the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrate a breeding barrier associated with the genome architecture of oat. We showcase detailed analyses of gene families implicated in human health and nutrition, which adds to the evidence supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets, and we perform mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency. This resource for the Avena genus will help to leverage knowledge from other cereal genomes, improve understanding of basic oat biology and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04732-y

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