Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre

Tim Leent, Matthias Bock, Florian Fertig, Robert Garthoff, Sebastian Eppelt, Yiru Zhou, Pooja Malik, Matthias Seubert, Tobias Bauer, Wenjamin Rosenfeld, Wei Zhang (), Christoph Becher () and Harald Weinfurter ()
Additional contact information
Tim Leent: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Matthias Bock: Department of Physics, Saarland University
Florian Fertig: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Robert Garthoff: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Sebastian Eppelt: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Yiru Zhou: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Pooja Malik: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Matthias Seubert: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Tobias Bauer: Department of Physics, Saarland University
Wenjamin Rosenfeld: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Wei Zhang: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
Christoph Becher: Department of Physics, Saarland University
Harald Weinfurter: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich

Nature, 2022, vol. 607, issue 7917, 69-73

Abstract: Abstract Quantum networks promise to provide the infrastructure for many disruptive applications, such as efficient long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing1,2. Central to these networks is the ability to distribute entanglement between distant nodes using photonic channels. Initially developed for quantum teleportation3,4 and loophole-free tests of Bell’s inequality5,6, recently, entanglement distribution has also been achieved over telecom fibres and analysed retrospectively7,8. Yet, to fully use entanglement over long-distance quantum network links it is mandatory to know it is available at the nodes before the entangled state decays. Here we demonstrate heralded entanglement between two independently trapped single rubidium atoms generated over fibre links with a length up to 33 km. For this, we generate atom–photon entanglement in two nodes located in buildings 400 m line-of-sight apart and to overcome high-attenuation losses in the fibres convert the photons to telecom wavelength using polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion9. The long fibres guide the photons to a Bell-state measurement setup in which a successful photonic projection measurement heralds the entanglement of the atoms10. Our results show the feasibility of entanglement distribution over telecom fibre links useful, for example, for device-independent quantum key distribution11–13 and quantum repeater protocols. The presented work represents an important step towards the realization of large-scale quantum network links.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04764-4

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