Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

Anders Bergström (), David W. G. Stanton, Ulrike H. Taron, Laurent Frantz, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Erik Ersmark, Saskia Pfrengle, Molly Cassatt-Johnstone, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Linus Girdland-Flink, Daniel M. Fernandes, Morgane Ollivier, Leo Speidel, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Michael V. Westbury, Jazmin Ramos-Madrigal, Tatiana R. Feuerborn, Ella Reiter, Joscha Gretzinger, Susanne C. Münzel, Pooja Swali, Nicholas J. Conard, Christian Carøe, James Haile, Anna Linderholm, Semyon Androsov, Ian Barnes, Chris Baumann, Norbert Benecke, Hervé Bocherens, Selina Brace, Ruth F. Carden, Dorothée G. Drucker, Sergey Fedorov, Mihály Gasparik, Mietje Germonpré, Semyon Grigoriev, Pam Groves, Stefan T. Hertwig, Varvara V. Ivanova, Luc Janssens, Richard P. Jennings, Aleksei K. Kasparov, Irina V. Kirillova, Islam Kurmaniyazov, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Martina Lázničková-Galetová, Charlotte Leduc, Pavel Nikolskiy, Marc Nussbaumer, Cóilín O’Drisceoil, Ludovic Orlando, Alan Outram, Elena Y. Pavlova, Angela R. Perri, Małgorzata Pilot, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Valerii V. Plotnikov, Albert V. Protopopov, André Rehazek, Mikhail Sablin, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Jan Storå, Christian Verjux, Victor F. Zaibert, Grant Zazula, Philippe Crombé, Anders J. Hansen, Eske Willerslev, Jennifer A. Leonard, Anders Götherström, Ron Pinhasi, Verena J. Schuenemann, Michael Hofreiter, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Beth Shapiro, Greger Larson, Johannes Krause, Love Dalén and Pontus Skoglund ()
Additional contact information
Anders Bergström: The Francis Crick Institute
David W. G. Stanton: Swedish Museum of Natural History
Ulrike H. Taron: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam
Laurent Frantz: Queen Mary University of London
Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Erik Ersmark: Swedish Museum of Natural History
Saskia Pfrengle: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen
Molly Cassatt-Johnstone: University of California, Santa Cruz
Ophélie Lebrasseur: University of Oxford
Linus Girdland-Flink: University of Aberdeen
Daniel M. Fernandes: Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna
Morgane Ollivier: University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)–UMR 6553
Leo Speidel: The Francis Crick Institute
Shyam Gopalakrishnan: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Michael V. Westbury: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam
Jazmin Ramos-Madrigal: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Tatiana R. Feuerborn: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Ella Reiter: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen
Joscha Gretzinger: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen
Susanne C. Münzel: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen
Pooja Swali: The Francis Crick Institute
Nicholas J. Conard: University of Tübingen
Christian Carøe: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
James Haile: University of Oxford
Anna Linderholm: Centre for Palaeogenetics
Semyon Androsov: Museum ‘Severnyi Mir’
Ian Barnes: Natural History Museum
Chris Baumann: University of Tübingen
Norbert Benecke: German Archaeological Institute
Hervé Bocherens: University of Tübingen
Selina Brace: Natural History Museum
Ruth F. Carden: University College Dublin
Dorothée G. Drucker: University of Tübingen
Sergey Fedorov: North-Eastern Federal University
Mihály Gasparik: Hungarian Natural History Museum
Mietje Germonpré: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Semyon Grigoriev: North-Eastern Federal University
Pam Groves: University of Alaska
Stefan T. Hertwig: Naturhistorisches Museum Bern
Varvara V. Ivanova: VNIIOkeangeologiya
Luc Janssens: University of Leiden
Richard P. Jennings: Liverpool John Moores University
Aleksei K. Kasparov: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences
Irina V. Kirillova: Shidlovskiy National Alliance ‘Ice Age’
Islam Kurmaniyazov: Al-Farabi Kazakh State University
Yaroslav V. Kuzmin: Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Pavel A. Kosintsev: Ural Federal University
Martina Lázničková-Galetová: Moravian Museum
Charlotte Leduc: INRAP
Pavel Nikolskiy: Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Marc Nussbaumer: Naturhistorisches Museum Bern
Cóilín O’Drisceoil: Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage
Ludovic Orlando: Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse UMR 5288, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier
Alan Outram: University of Exeter
Elena Y. Pavlova: Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute
Angela R. Perri: PaleoWest
Małgorzata Pilot: Museum & Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
Vladimir V. Pitulko: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences
Valerii V. Plotnikov: Academy of Sciences of Sakha Republic
Albert V. Protopopov: Academy of Sciences of Sakha Republic
André Rehazek: Naturhistorisches Museum Bern
Mikhail Sablin: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Andaine Seguin-Orlando: Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse UMR 5288, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier
Jan Storå: Stockholm University
Christian Verjux: Service Régional de l’Archéologie
Victor F. Zaibert: Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Grant Zazula: Yukon Palaeontology Program
Philippe Crombé: Ghent University
Anders J. Hansen: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Eske Willerslev: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Jennifer A. Leonard: Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC)
Anders Götherström: Centre for Palaeogenetics
Ron Pinhasi: Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna
Verena J. Schuenemann: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen
Michael Hofreiter: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam
M. Thomas P. Gilbert: The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen
Beth Shapiro: University of California, Santa Cruz
Greger Larson: University of Oxford
Johannes Krause: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Love Dalén: Swedish Museum of Natural History
Pontus Skoglund: The Francis Crick Institute

Nature, 2022, vol. 607, issue 7918, 313-320

Abstract: Abstract The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1–8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9

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