Perovskite superlattices with efficient carrier dynamics

Yusheng Lei, Yuheng Li, Chengchangfeng Lu, Qizhang Yan, Yilei Wu, Finn Babbe, Huaxin Gong, Song Zhang, Jiayun Zhou, Ruotao Wang, Ruiqi Zhang, Yimu Chen, Hsinhan Tsai, Yue Gu, Hongjie Hu, Yu-Hwa Lo, Wanyi Nie, Taeyoon Lee, Jian Luo, Kesong Yang, Kyung-In Jang and Sheng Xu ()
Additional contact information
Yusheng Lei: University of California, San Diego
Yuheng Li: University of California, San Diego
Chengchangfeng Lu: University of California, San Diego
Qizhang Yan: University of California, San Diego
Yilei Wu: Stanford University
Finn Babbe: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Huaxin Gong: Stanford University
Song Zhang: Stanford University
Jiayun Zhou: University of California, San Diego
Ruotao Wang: University of California, San Diego
Ruiqi Zhang: University of California, San Diego
Yimu Chen: University of California, San Diego
Hsinhan Tsai: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Yue Gu: University of California, San Diego
Hongjie Hu: University of California, San Diego
Yu-Hwa Lo: University of California, San Diego
Wanyi Nie: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Taeyoon Lee: Yonsei University
Jian Luo: University of California, San Diego
Kesong Yang: University of California, San Diego
Kyung-In Jang: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology
Sheng Xu: University of California, San Diego

Nature, 2022, vol. 608, issue 7922, 317-323

Abstract: Abstract Compared with their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites (2D and quasi-2D; B2An−1MnX3n+1, such as B = R-NH3+, A = HC(NH2)2+, Cs+; M = Pb2+, Sn2+; X = Cl−, Br−, I−) with periodic inorganic–organic structures have shown promising stability and hysteresis-free electrical performance1–6. However, their unique multiple-quantum-well structure limits the device efficiencies because of the grain boundaries and randomly oriented quantum wells in polycrystals7. In single crystals, the carrier transport through the thickness direction is hindered by the layered insulating organic spacers8. Furthermore, the strong quantum confinement from the organic spacers limits the generation and transport of free carriers9,10. Also, lead-free metal halide perovskites have been developed but their device performance is limited by their low crystallinity and structural instability11. Here we report a low-dimensional metal halide perovskite BA2MAn−1SnnI3n+1 (BA, butylammonium; MA, methylammonium; n = 1, 3, 5) superlattice by chemical epitaxy. The inorganic slabs are aligned vertical to the substrate and interconnected in a criss-cross 2D network parallel to the substrate, leading to efficient carrier transport in three dimensions. A lattice-mismatched substrate compresses the organic spacers, which weakens the quantum confinement. The performance of a superlattice solar cell has been certified under the quasi-steady state, showing a stable 12.36% photoelectric conversion efficiency. Moreover, an intraband exciton relaxation process may have yielded an unusually high open-circuit voltage (VOC).

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04961-1

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