Preservation of high-pressure volatiles in nanostructured diamond capsules

Zhidan Zeng, Jianguo Wen, Hongbo Lou, Xin Zhang, Liuxiang Yang, Lijie Tan, Benyuan Cheng, Xiaobing Zuo, Wenge Yang, Wendy L. Mao (), Ho-kwang Mao () and Qiaoshi Zeng ()
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Zhidan Zeng: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Jianguo Wen: Argonne National Laboratory
Hongbo Lou: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Xin Zhang: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Liuxiang Yang: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Lijie Tan: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Benyuan Cheng: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Xiaobing Zuo: Argonne National Laboratory
Wenge Yang: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Wendy L. Mao: Stanford University
Ho-kwang Mao: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
Qiaoshi Zeng: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research

Nature, 2022, vol. 608, issue 7923, 513-517

Abstract: Abstract High pressure induces dramatic changes and novel phenomena in condensed volatiles1,2 that are usually not preserved after recovery from pressure vessels. Here we report a process that pressurizes volatiles into nanopores of type 1 glassy carbon precursors, converts glassy carbon into nanocrystalline diamond by heating and synthesizes free-standing nanostructured diamond capsules (NDCs) capable of permanently preserving volatiles at high pressures, even after release back to ambient conditions for various vacuum-based diagnostic probes including electron microscopy. As a demonstration, we perform a comprehensive study of a high-pressure argon sample preserved in NDCs. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show nanometre-sized argon crystals at around 22.0 gigapascals embedded in nanocrystalline diamond, energy-dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy provides quantitative compositional analysis and electron energy-loss spectroscopy details the chemical bonding nature of high-pressure argon. The preserved pressure of the argon sample inside NDCs can be tuned by controlling NDC synthesis pressure. To test the general applicability of the NDC process, we show that high-pressure neon can also be trapped in NDCs and that type 2 glassy carbon can be used as the precursor container material. Further experiments on other volatiles and carbon allotropes open the possibility of bringing high-pressure explorations on a par with mainstream condensed-matter investigations and applications.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04955-z

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