Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality in a one-dimensional polariton condensate

Quentin Fontaine, Davide Squizzato, Florent Baboux, Ivan Amelio, Aristide Lemaître, Martina Morassi, Isabelle Sagnes, Luc Le Gratiet, Abdelmounaim Harouri, Michiel Wouters, Iacopo Carusotto, Alberto Amo, Maxime Richard, Anna Minguzzi, Léonie Canet (), Sylvain Ravets and Jacqueline Bloch ()
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Quentin Fontaine: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Davide Squizzato: Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Modélisation des Milieux Condensés (LPMMC)
Florent Baboux: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Ivan Amelio: Università di Trento
Aristide Lemaître: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Martina Morassi: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Isabelle Sagnes: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Luc Le Gratiet: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Abdelmounaim Harouri: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Michiel Wouters: TQC, Universiteit Antwerpen
Iacopo Carusotto: Università di Trento
Alberto Amo: Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules
Maxime Richard: Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel
Anna Minguzzi: Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Modélisation des Milieux Condensés (LPMMC)
Léonie Canet: Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Modélisation des Milieux Condensés (LPMMC)
Sylvain Ravets: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)
Jacqueline Bloch: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N)

Nature, 2022, vol. 608, issue 7924, 687-691

Abstract: Abstract Revealing universal behaviours is a hallmark of statistical physics. Phenomena such as the stochastic growth of crystalline surfaces1 and of interfaces in bacterial colonies2, and spin transport in quantum magnets3–6 all belong to the same universality class, despite the great plurality of physical mechanisms they involve at the microscopic level. More specifically, in all these systems, space–time correlations show power-law scalings characterized by universal critical exponents. This universality stems from a common underlying effective dynamics governed by the nonlinear stochastic Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation7. Recent theoretical works have suggested that this dynamics also emerges in the phase of out-of-equilibrium systems showing macroscopic spontaneous coherence8–17. Here we experimentally demonstrate that the evolution of the phase in a driven-dissipative one-dimensional polariton condensate falls in the KPZ universality class. Our demonstration relies on a direct measurement of KPZ space–time scaling laws18,19, combined with a theoretical analysis that reveals other key signatures of this universality class. Our results highlight fundamental physical differences between out-of-equilibrium condensates and their equilibrium counterparts, and open a paradigm for exploring universal behaviours in driven open quantum systems.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05001-8

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