Femtosecond laser writing of lithium niobate ferroelectric nanodomains

Xiaoyi Xu, Tianxin Wang, Pengcheng Chen, Chao Zhou, Jianan Ma, Dunzhao Wei, Huijun Wang, Ben Niu, Xinyuan Fang, Di Wu, Shining Zhu, Min Gu, Min Xiao and Yong Zhang ()
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Xiaoyi Xu: Nanjing University
Tianxin Wang: Nanjing University
Pengcheng Chen: Nanjing University
Chao Zhou: Nanjing University
Jianan Ma: Nanjing University
Dunzhao Wei: Nanjing University
Huijun Wang: Nanjing University
Ben Niu: Nanjing University
Xinyuan Fang: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Di Wu: Nanjing University
Shining Zhu: Nanjing University
Min Gu: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Min Xiao: Nanjing University
Yong Zhang: Nanjing University

Nature, 2022, vol. 609, issue 7927, 496-501

Abstract: Abstract Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is viewed as a promising material for optical communications and quantum photonic chips1,2. Recent breakthroughs in LiNbO3 nanophotonics have considerably boosted the development of high-speed electro-optic modulators3–5, frequency combs6,7 and broadband spectrometers8. However, the traditional method of electrical poling for ferroelectric domain engineering in optic9–13, acoustic14–17 and electronic applications18,19 is limited to two-dimensional space and micrometre-scale resolution. Here we demonstrate a non-reciprocal near-infrared laser-writing technique for reconfigurable three-dimensional ferroelectric domain engineering in LiNbO3 with nanoscale resolution. The proposed method is based on a laser-induced electric field that can either write or erase domain structures in the crystal, depending on the laser-writing direction. This approach offers a pathway for controllable nanoscale domain engineering in LiNbO3 and other transparent ferroelectric crystals, which has potential applications in high-efficiency frequency mixing20,21, high-frequency acoustic resonators14–17 and high-capacity non-volatile ferroelectric memory19,22.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05042-z

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