Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems

Hao Chen, Aidan Maxwell, Chongwen Li, Sam Teale, Bin Chen, Tong Zhu, Esma Ugur, George Harrison, Luke Grater, Junke Wang, Zaiwei Wang, Lewei Zeng, So Min Park, Lei Chen, Peter Serles, Rasha Abbas Awni, Biwas Subedi, Xiaopeng Zheng, Chuanxiao Xiao, Nikolas J. Podraza, Tobin Filleter, Cheng Liu, Yi Yang, Joseph M. Luther, Stefaan De Wolf, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Yanfa Yan () and Edward H. Sargent ()
Additional contact information
Hao Chen: University of Toronto
Aidan Maxwell: University of Toronto
Chongwen Li: University of Toronto
Sam Teale: University of Toronto
Bin Chen: University of Toronto
Tong Zhu: University of Toronto
Esma Ugur: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
George Harrison: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Luke Grater: University of Toronto
Junke Wang: University of Toronto
Zaiwei Wang: University of Toronto
Lewei Zeng: University of Toronto
So Min Park: University of Toronto
Lei Chen: The University of Toledo
Peter Serles: University of Toronto
Rasha Abbas Awni: The University of Toledo
Biwas Subedi: The University of Toledo
Xiaopeng Zheng: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Chuanxiao Xiao: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Nikolas J. Podraza: The University of Toledo
Tobin Filleter: University of Toronto
Cheng Liu: Northwestern University
Yi Yang: Northwestern University
Joseph M. Luther: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Stefaan De Wolf: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis: Northwestern University
Yanfa Yan: The University of Toledo
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto

Nature, 2023, vol. 613, issue 7945, 676-681

Abstract: Abstract The open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. 1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show VOC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact3–5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite–electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V VOC and over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record VOC of 2.19 V (89% of the detailed balance VOC limit) and over 27% PCE (26.3% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z

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