Dynamic synchronization between hippocampal representations and stepping

Abhilasha Joshi (), Eric L. Denovellis, Abhijith Mankili, Yagiz Meneksedag, Thomas J. Davidson, Anna K. Gillespie, Jennifer A. Guidera, Demetris Roumis and Loren M. Frank ()
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Abhilasha Joshi: University of California
Eric L. Denovellis: University of California
Abhijith Mankili: University of California
Yagiz Meneksedag: University of California
Thomas J. Davidson: University of California
Anna K. Gillespie: University of California
Jennifer A. Guidera: University of California
Demetris Roumis: University of California
Loren M. Frank: University of California

Nature, 2023, vol. 617, issue 7959, 125-131

Abstract: Abstract The hippocampus is a mammalian brain structure that expresses spatial representations1 and is crucial for navigation2,3. Navigation, in turn, intricately depends on locomotion; however, current accounts suggest a dissociation between hippocampal spatial representations and the details of locomotor processes. Specifically, the hippocampus is thought to represent mainly higher-order cognitive and locomotor variables such as position, speed and direction of movement4–7, whereas the limb movements that propel the animal can be computed and represented primarily in subcortical circuits, including the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum8–11. Whether hippocampal representations are actually decoupled from the detailed structure of locomotor processes remains unknown. To address this question, here we simultaneously monitored hippocampal spatial representations and ongoing limb movements underlying locomotion at fast timescales. We found that the forelimb stepping cycle in freely behaving rats is rhythmic and peaks at around 8 Hz during movement, matching the approximately 8 Hz modulation of hippocampal activity and spatial representations during locomotion12. We also discovered precisely timed coordination between the time at which the forelimbs touch the ground (‘plant’ times of the stepping cycle) and the hippocampal representation of space. Notably, plant times coincide with hippocampal representations that are closest to the actual position of the nose of the rat, whereas between these plant times, the hippocampal representation progresses towards possible future locations. This synchronization was specifically detectable when rats approached spatial decisions. Together, our results reveal a profound and dynamic coordination on a timescale of tens of milliseconds between central cognitive representations and peripheral motor processes. This coordination engages and disengages rapidly in association with cognitive demands and is well suited to support rapid information exchange between cognitive and sensory–motor circuits.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05928-6

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