Multisensory learning binds neurons into a cross-modal memory engram

Zeynep Okray (), Pedro F. Jacob, Ciara Stern, Kieran Desmond, Nils Otto, Clifford B. Talbot, Paola Vargas-Gutierrez and Scott Waddell ()
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Zeynep Okray: University of Oxford
Pedro F. Jacob: University of Oxford
Ciara Stern: University of Oxford
Kieran Desmond: University of Oxford
Nils Otto: University of Oxford
Clifford B. Talbot: University of Oxford
Paola Vargas-Gutierrez: University of Oxford
Scott Waddell: University of Oxford

Nature, 2023, vol. 617, issue 7962, 777-784

Abstract: Abstract Associating multiple sensory cues with objects and experience is a fundamental brain process that improves object recognition and memory performance. However, neural mechanisms that bind sensory features during learning and augment memory expression are unknown. Here we demonstrate multisensory appetitive and aversive memory in Drosophila. Combining colours and odours improved memory performance, even when each sensory modality was tested alone. Temporal control of neuronal function revealed visually selective mushroom body Kenyon cells (KCs) to be required for enhancement of both visual and olfactory memory after multisensory training. Voltage imaging in head-fixed flies showed that multisensory learning binds activity between streams of modality-specific KCs so that unimodal sensory input generates a multimodal neuronal response. Binding occurs between regions of the olfactory and visual KC axons, which receive valence-relevant dopaminergic reinforcement, and is propagated downstream. Dopamine locally releases GABAergic inhibition to permit specific microcircuits within KC-spanning serotonergic neurons to function as an excitatory bridge between the previously ‘modality-selective’ KC streams. Cross-modal binding thereby expands the KCs representing the memory engram for each modality into those representing the other. This broadening of the engram improves memory performance after multisensory learning and permits a single sensory feature to retrieve the memory of the multimodal experience.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06013-8

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