Tree islands enhance biodiversity and functioning in oil palm landscapes

Zemp, Delphine Clara; Guerrero-Ramirez, Nathaly; Brambach, Fabian; Darras, Kevin; Grass, Ingo; Potapov, Anton; Röll, Alexander; Arimond, Isabelle; Ballauff, Johannes; Behling, Hermann; Berkelmann, Dirk; Biagioni, Siria; Buchori, Damayanti; Craven, Dylan; Daniel, Rolf; Gailing, Oliver; Ellsäßer, Florian; Fardiansah, Riko; Hennings, Nina; Irawan, Bambang; Khokthong, Watit; Krashevska, Valentyna; Krause, Alena; Kückes, Johanna; Li, Kevin; Lorenz, Hendrik; Maraun, Mark; Merk, Miryam Sarah; Moura, Carina C. M.; Mulyani, Yeni A.; Paterno, Gustavo B.; Pebrianti, Herni Dwinta; Polle, Andrea; Prameswari, Di Ajeng; Sachsenmaier, Lena; Scheu, Stefan; Schneider, Dominik; Setiajiati, Fitta; Setyaningsih, Christina Ani; Sundawati, Leti; Tscharntke, Teja; Wollni, Meike; Hölscher, Dirk; Kreft, Holger

Tree islands enhance biodiversity and functioning in oil palm landscapes

Delphine Clara Zemp (), Nathaly Guerrero-Ramirez, Fabian Brambach, Kevin Darras, Ingo Grass, Anton Potapov, Alexander Röll, Isabelle Arimond, Johannes Ballauff, Hermann Behling, Dirk Berkelmann, Siria Biagioni, Damayanti Buchori, Dylan Craven, Rolf Daniel, Oliver Gailing, Florian Ellsäßer, Riko Fardiansah, Nina Hennings, Bambang Irawan, Watit Khokthong, Valentyna Krashevska, Alena Krause, Johanna Kückes, Kevin Li, Hendrik Lorenz, Mark Maraun, Miryam Sarah Merk, Carina C. M. Moura, Yeni A. Mulyani, Gustavo B. Paterno, Herni Dwinta Pebrianti, Andrea Polle, Di Ajeng Prameswari, Lena Sachsenmaier, Stefan Scheu, Dominik Schneider, Fitta Setiajiati, Christina Ani Setyaningsih, Leti Sundawati, Teja Tscharntke, Meike Wollni, Dirk Hölscher and Holger Kreft
Additional contact information
Delphine Clara Zemp: University of Neuchâtel
Nathaly Guerrero-Ramirez: University of Göttingen
Fabian Brambach: University of Göttingen
Kevin Darras: University of Göttingen
Ingo Grass: University of Hohenheim
Anton Potapov: University of Göttingen
Alexander Röll: University of Göttingen
Isabelle Arimond: University of Göttingen
Johannes Ballauff: University of Göttingen
Hermann Behling: Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences
Dirk Berkelmann: University of Göttingen
Siria Biagioni: University of Göttingen
Damayanti Buchori: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, IPB Dramaga Campus
Dylan Craven: Universidad Mayor
Rolf Daniel: University of Göttingen
Oliver Gailing: University of Göttingen
Florian Ellsäßer: University of Göttingen
Riko Fardiansah: University of Göttingen
Nina Hennings: University of Göttingen
Bambang Irawan: University of Jambi Jln Raya Jambi
Watit Khokthong: University of Göttingen
Valentyna Krashevska: University of Göttingen
Alena Krause: University of Göttingen
Johanna Kückes: University of Göttingen
Kevin Li: University of Göttingen
Hendrik Lorenz: University of Göttingen
Mark Maraun: University of Göttingen
Miryam Sarah Merk: University of Göttingen
Carina C. M. Moura: University of Göttingen
Yeni A. Mulyani: IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga
Gustavo B. Paterno: University of Göttingen
Herni Dwinta Pebrianti: University of Jambi Jln Raya Jambi
Andrea Polle: University of Göttingen
Di Ajeng Prameswari: University of Göttingen
Lena Sachsenmaier: University of Göttingen
Stefan Scheu: University of Göttingen
Dominik Schneider: University of Göttingen
Fitta Setiajiati: IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga
Christina Ani Setyaningsih: Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences
Leti Sundawati: IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga
Teja Tscharntke: University of Göttingen
Dirk Hölscher: University of Göttingen
Holger Kreft: University of Göttingen

Nature, 2023, vol. 618, issue 7964, 316-321

Abstract: Abstract In the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration1, large knowledge gaps persist on how to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in cash crop-dominated tropical landscapes2. Here, we present findings from a large-scale, 5-year ecosystem restoration experiment in an oil palm landscape enriched with 52 tree islands, encompassing assessments of ten indicators of biodiversity and 19 indicators of ecosystem functioning. Overall, indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, were higher in tree islands compared to conventionally managed oil palm. Larger tree islands led to larger gains in multidiversity through changes in vegetation structure. Furthermore, tree enrichment did not decrease landscape-scale oil palm yield. Our results demonstrate that enriching oil palm-dominated landscapes with tree islands is a promising ecological restoration strategy, yet should not replace the protection of remaining forests.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06086-5

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