A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins

Keh-Weei Tzung, Robert L. Lalonde, Karin D. Prummel, Harsha Mahabaleshwar, Hannah R. Moran, Jan Stundl, Amanda N. Cass, Yao Le, Robert Lea, Karel Dorey, Monika J. Tomecka, Changqing Zhang, Eline C. Brombacher, William T. White, Henry H. Roehl, Frank J. Tulenko, Christoph Winkler, Peter D. Currie, Enrique Amaya, Marcus C. Davis, Marianne E. Bronner, Christian Mosimann () and Tom J. Carney ()
Additional contact information
Keh-Weei Tzung: A*STAR
Robert L. Lalonde: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Karin D. Prummel: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Harsha Mahabaleshwar: Nanyang Technological University
Hannah R. Moran: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Jan Stundl: California Institute of Technology
Amanda N. Cass: Wesleyan University
Yao Le: National University of Singapore
Robert Lea: University of Manchester
Karel Dorey: University of Manchester
Monika J. Tomecka: A*STAR
Changqing Zhang: Nanyang Technological University
Eline C. Brombacher: University of Zurich
William T. White: Australia National Fish Collection
Henry H. Roehl: University of Sheffield
Frank J. Tulenko: Monash University
Christoph Winkler: National University of Singapore
Peter D. Currie: Monash University
Enrique Amaya: University of Manchester
Marcus C. Davis: Western New England University
Marianne E. Bronner: California Institute of Technology
Christian Mosimann: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Tom J. Carney: A*STAR

Nature, 2023, vol. 618, issue 7965, 543-549

Abstract: Abstract The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06100-w

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