Einkorn genomics sheds light on history of the oldest domesticated wheat

Hanin Ibrahim Ahmed, Matthias Heuberger, Adam Schoen, Dal-Hoe Koo, Jesus Quiroz-Chavez, Laxman Adhikari, John Raupp, Stéphane Cauet, Nathalie Rodde, Charlotte Cravero, Caroline Callot, Gerard R. Lazo, Nagarajan Kathiresan, Parva K. Sharma, Ian Moot, Inderjit Singh Yadav, Lovepreet Singh, Gautam Saripalli, Nidhi Rawat, Raju Datla, Naveenkumar Athiyannan, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Cristobal Uauy, Thomas Wicker, Vijay K. Tiwari (), Michael Abrouk (), Jesse Poland () and Simon G. Krattinger ()
Additional contact information
Hanin Ibrahim Ahmed: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Matthias Heuberger: University of Zurich
Adam Schoen: University of Maryland
Dal-Hoe Koo: Kansas State University
Jesus Quiroz-Chavez: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
Laxman Adhikari: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
John Raupp: Kansas State University
Stéphane Cauet: CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center
Nathalie Rodde: CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center
Charlotte Cravero: CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center
Caroline Callot: CNRGV French Plant Genomic Resource Center
Gerard R. Lazo: United States Department of Agriculture
Nagarajan Kathiresan: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Parva K. Sharma: University of Maryland
Ian Moot: University of Maryland
Inderjit Singh Yadav: University of Maryland
Lovepreet Singh: University of Maryland
Gautam Saripalli: University of Maryland
Nidhi Rawat: University of Maryland
Raju Datla: University of Saskatchewan
Naveenkumar Athiyannan: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
Cristobal Uauy: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
Thomas Wicker: University of Zurich
Vijay K. Tiwari: University of Maryland
Michael Abrouk: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Jesse Poland: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Simon G. Krattinger: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Nature, 2023, vol. 620, issue 7975, 830-838

Abstract: Abstract Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) was the first domesticated wheat species, and was central to the birth of agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution in the Fertile Crescent around 10,000 years ago1,2. Here we generate and analyse 5.2-Gb genome assemblies for wild and domesticated einkorn, including completely assembled centromeres. Einkorn centromeres are highly dynamic, showing evidence of ancient and recent centromere shifts caused by structural rearrangements. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of a diversity panel uncovered the population structure and evolutionary history of einkorn, revealing complex patterns of hybridizations and introgressions after the dispersal of domesticated einkorn from the Fertile Crescent. We also show that around 1% of the modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) A subgenome originates from einkorn. These resources and findings highlight the history of einkorn evolution and provide a basis to accelerate the genomics-assisted improvement of einkorn and bread wheat.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06389-7

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