High-fidelity gates and mid-circuit erasure conversion in an atomic qubit

Shuo Ma, Genyue Liu, Pai Peng, Bichen Zhang, Sven Jandura, Jahan Claes, Alex P. Burgers, Guido Pupillo, Shruti Puri and Jeff D. Thompson ()
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Shuo Ma: Princeton University
Genyue Liu: Princeton University
Pai Peng: Princeton University
Bichen Zhang: Princeton University
Sven Jandura: University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), aQCess
Jahan Claes: Yale University
Alex P. Burgers: Princeton University
Guido Pupillo: University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), aQCess
Shruti Puri: Yale University
Jeff D. Thompson: Princeton University

Nature, 2023, vol. 622, issue 7982, 279-284

Abstract: Abstract The development of scalable, high-fidelity qubits is a key challenge in quantum information science. Neutral atom qubits have progressed rapidly in recent years, demonstrating programmable processors1,2 and quantum simulators with scaling to hundreds of atoms3,4. Exploring new atomic species, such as alkaline earth atoms5–7, or combining multiple species8 can provide new paths to improving coherence, control and scalability. For example, for eventual application in quantum error correction, it is advantageous to realize qubits with structured error models, such as biased Pauli errors9 or conversion of errors into detectable erasures10. Here we demonstrate a new neutral atom qubit using the nuclear spin of a long-lived metastable state in 171Yb. The long coherence time and fast excitation to the Rydberg state allow one- and two-qubit gates with fidelities of 0.9990(1) and 0.980(1), respectively. Importantly, a large fraction of all gate errors result in decays out of the qubit subspace to the ground state. By performing fast, mid-circuit detection of these errors, we convert them into erasure errors; during detection, the induced error probability on qubits remaining in the computational space is less than 10−5. This work establishes metastable 171Yb as a promising platform for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06438-1

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