Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator

Pascal Scholl, Adam L. Shaw, Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai, Ran Finkelstein, Joonhee Choi and Manuel Endres ()
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Pascal Scholl: California Institute of Technology
Adam L. Shaw: California Institute of Technology
Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai: California Institute of Technology
Ran Finkelstein: California Institute of Technology
Joonhee Choi: California Institute of Technology
Manuel Endres: California Institute of Technology

Nature, 2023, vol. 622, issue 7982, 273-278

Abstract: Abstract Minimizing and understanding errors is critical for quantum science, both in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices1 and for the quest towards fault-tolerant quantum computation2,3. Rydberg arrays have emerged as a prominent platform in this context4 with impressive system sizes5,6 and proposals suggesting how error-correction thresholds could be significantly improved by detecting leakage errors with single-atom resolution7,8, a form of erasure error conversion9–12. However, two-qubit entanglement fidelities in Rydberg atom arrays13,14 have lagged behind competitors15,16 and this type of erasure conversion is yet to be realized for matter-based qubits in general. Here we demonstrate both erasure conversion and high-fidelity Bell state generation using a Rydberg quantum simulator5,6,17,18. When excising data with erasure errors observed via fast imaging of alkaline-earth atoms19–22, we achieve a Bell state fidelity of $$\ge 0.997{1}_{-13}^{+10}$$ ≥ 0.997 1 − 13 + 10 , which improves to $$\ge 0.998{5}_{-12}^{+7}$$ ≥ 0.998 5 − 12 + 7 when correcting for remaining state-preparation errors. We further apply erasure conversion in a quantum simulation experiment for quasi-adiabatic preparation of long-range order across a quantum phase transition, and reveal the otherwise hidden impact of these errors on the simulation outcome. Our work demonstrates the capability for Rydberg-based entanglement to reach fidelities in the 0.999 regime, with higher fidelities a question of technical improvements, and shows how erasure conversion can be utilized in NISQ devices. These techniques could be translated directly to quantum-error-correction codes with the addition of long-lived qubits7,22–24.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06516-4

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