A crystalline doubly oxidized carbene

Ying Kai Loh (), Mohand Melaimi, Milan Gembicky, Dominik Munz and Guy Bertrand ()
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Ying Kai Loh: University of California San Diego
Mohand Melaimi: University of California San Diego
Milan Gembicky: University of California San Diego
Dominik Munz: Saarland University
Guy Bertrand: University of California San Diego

Nature, 2023, vol. 623, issue 7985, 66-70

Abstract: Abstract The chemistry of carbon is governed by the octet rule, which refers to its tendency to have eight electrons in its valence shell. However, a few exceptions do exist, for example, the trityl radical (Ph3C∙) (ref. 1) and carbocation (Ph3C+) (ref. 2) with seven and six valence electrons, respectively, and carbenes (R2C:)—two-coordinate octet-defying species with formally six valence electrons3. Carbenes are now powerful tools in chemistry, and have even found applications in material and medicinal sciences4. Can we undress the carbene further by removing its non-bonding electrons? Here we describe the synthesis of a crystalline doubly oxidized carbene (R2C2+), through a two-electron oxidation/oxide-ion abstraction sequence from an electron-rich carbene5. Despite a cumulenic structure and strong delocalization of the positive charges, the dicoordinate carbon centre maintains significant electrophilicity, and possesses two accessible vacant orbitals. A two-electron reduction/deprotonation sequence regenerates the parent carbene, fully consistent with its description as a doubly oxidized carbene. This work demonstrates that the use of bulky strong electron-donor substituents can simultaneously impart electronic stabilization and steric protection to both vacant orbitals on the central carbon atom, paving the way for the isolation of a variety of doubly oxidized carbenes.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06539-x

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