Homogenizing out-of-plane cation composition in perovskite solar cells

Zheng Liang, Yong Zhang, Huifen Xu, Wenjing Chen, Boyuan Liu, Jiyao Zhang, Hui Zhang, Zihan Wang, Dong-Ho Kang, Jianrong Zeng, Xingyu Gao, Qisheng Wang, Huijie Hu, Hongmin Zhou, Xiangbin Cai, Xingyou Tian, Peter Reiss, Baomin Xu, Thomas Kirchartz, Zhengguo Xiao, Songyuan Dai (), Nam-Gyu Park (), Jiajiu Ye () and Xu Pan ()
Additional contact information
Zheng Liang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yong Zhang: Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)
Huifen Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenjing Chen: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Boyuan Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiyao Zhang: Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)
Hui Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zihan Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dong-Ho Kang: Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
Jianrong Zeng: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Xingyu Gao: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Qisheng Wang: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Huijie Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hongmin Zhou: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Xiangbin Cai: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay
Xingyou Tian: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peter Reiss: University Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INP, IRIG/SyMMES, STEP
Baomin Xu: Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)
Thomas Kirchartz: IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich
Zhengguo Xiao: University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)
Songyuan Dai: North China Electric Power University (NCEPU)
Nam-Gyu Park: Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
Jiajiu Ye: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xu Pan: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature, 2023, vol. 624, issue 7992, 557-563

Abstract: Abstract Perovskite solar cells with the formula FA1−xCsxPbI3, where FA is formamidinium, provide an attractive option for integrating high efficiency, durable stability and compatibility with scaled-up fabrication. Despite the incorporation of Cs cations, which could potentially enable a perfect perovskite lattice1,2, the compositional inhomogeneity caused by A-site cation segregation is likely to be detrimental to the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells3,4. Here we visualized the out-of-plane compositional inhomogeneity along the vertical direction across perovskite films and identified the underlying reasons for the inhomogeneity and its potential impact for devices. We devised a strategy using 1-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole to homogenize the distribution of cation composition in perovskite films. The resultant p–i–n devices yielded a certified steady-state photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25.2% and durable stability.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06784-0

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