Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis orchestrate plant growth and immunity

Chao Wang, Ren-Jie Tang, Senhao Kou, Xiaoshu Xu, Yi Lu, Kenda Rauscher, Angela Voelker and Sheng Luan ()
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Chao Wang: University of California, Berkeley
Ren-Jie Tang: University of California, Berkeley
Senhao Kou: University of California, Berkeley
Xiaoshu Xu: Stanford University
Yi Lu: University of California, Berkeley
Kenda Rauscher: University of California, Berkeley
Angela Voelker: University of California, Berkeley
Sheng Luan: University of California, Berkeley

Nature, 2024, vol. 627, issue 8003, 382-388

Abstract: Abstract Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient for plants and a cellular signal, but excessive levels can be toxic and inhibit growth1,2. To thrive in dynamic environments, plants must monitor and maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis by regulating numerous Ca2+ transporters3. Here we report two signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana that converge on the activation of vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) to scavenge excess cytosolic Ca2+ in plants. One mechanism, activated in response to an elevated external Ca2+ level, entails calcineurin B-like (CBL) Ca2+ sensors and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), which activate CAXs by phosphorylating a serine (S) cluster in the auto-inhibitory domain. The second pathway, triggered by molecular patterns associated with microorganisms, engages the immune receptor complex FLS2–BAK1 and the associated cytoplasmic kinases BIK1 and PBL1, which phosphorylate the same S-cluster in CAXs to modulate Ca2+ signals in immunity. These Ca2+-dependent (CBL–CIPK) and Ca2+-independent (FLS2–BAK1–BIK1/PBL1) mechanisms combine to balance plant growth and immunity by regulating cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0

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