Photonic chip-based low-noise microwave oscillator

Igor Kudelin (), William Groman, Qing-Xin Ji, Joel Guo, Megan L. Kelleher, Dahyeon Lee, Takuma Nakamura, Charles A. McLemore, Pedram Shirmohammadi, Samin Hanifi, Haotian Cheng, Naijun Jin, Lue Wu, Samuel Halladay, Yizhi Luo, Zhaowei Dai, Warren Jin, Junwu Bai, Yifan Liu, Wei Zhang, Chao Xiang, Lin Chang, Vladimir Iltchenko, Owen Miller, Andrey Matsko, Steven M. Bowers, Peter T. Rakich, Joe C. Campbell, John E. Bowers, Kerry J. Vahala, Franklyn Quinlan and Scott A. Diddams ()
Additional contact information
Igor Kudelin: National Institute of Standards and Technology
William Groman: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Qing-Xin Ji: California Institute of Technology
Joel Guo: University of California, Santa Barbara
Megan L. Kelleher: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Dahyeon Lee: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Takuma Nakamura: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Charles A. McLemore: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Pedram Shirmohammadi: University of Virginia
Samin Hanifi: University of Virginia
Haotian Cheng: Yale University
Naijun Jin: Yale University
Lue Wu: California Institute of Technology
Samuel Halladay: Yale University
Yizhi Luo: Yale University
Zhaowei Dai: Yale University
Warren Jin: University of California, Santa Barbara
Junwu Bai: University of Virginia
Yifan Liu: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Wei Zhang: California Institute of Technology
Chao Xiang: University of California, Santa Barbara
Lin Chang: University of California, Santa Barbara
Vladimir Iltchenko: California Institute of Technology
Owen Miller: Yale University
Andrey Matsko: California Institute of Technology
Steven M. Bowers: University of Virginia
Peter T. Rakich: Yale University
Joe C. Campbell: University of Virginia
John E. Bowers: University of California, Santa Barbara
Kerry J. Vahala: California Institute of Technology
Franklyn Quinlan: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Scott A. Diddams: National Institute of Standards and Technology

Nature, 2024, vol. 627, issue 8004, 534-539

Abstract: Abstract Numerous modern technologies are reliant on the low-phase noise and exquisite timing stability of microwave signals. Substantial progress has been made in the field of microwave photonics, whereby low-noise microwave signals are generated by the down-conversion of ultrastable optical references using a frequency comb1–3. Such systems, however, are constructed with bulk or fibre optics and are difficult to further reduce in size and power consumption. In this work we address this challenge by leveraging advances in integrated photonics to demonstrate low-noise microwave generation via two-point optical frequency division4,5. Narrow-linewidth self-injection-locked integrated lasers6,7 are stabilized to a miniature Fabry–Pérot cavity8, and the frequency gap between the lasers is divided with an efficient dark soliton frequency comb9. The stabilized output of the microcomb is photodetected to produce a microwave signal at 20 GHz with phase noise of −96 dBc Hz−1 at 100 Hz offset frequency that decreases to −135 dBc Hz−1 at 10 kHz offset—values that are unprecedented for an integrated photonic system. All photonic components can be heterogeneously integrated on a single chip, providing a significant advance for the application of photonics to high-precision navigation, communication and timing systems.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07058-z

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