A hot-Jupiter progenitor on a super-eccentric retrograde orbit

Arvind F. Gupta (), Sarah C. Millholland, Haedam Im, Jiayin Dong, Jonathan M. Jackson, Ilaria Carleo, Jessica Libby-Roberts, Megan Delamer, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Andrea S. J. Lin, Shubham Kanodia, Xian-Yu Wang, Keivan Stassun, Thomas Masseron, Diana Dragomir, Suvrath Mahadevan, Jason Wright, Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes, Chad Bender, Cullen H. Blake, Douglas Caldwell, Caleb I. Cañas, William D. Cochran, Paul Dalba, Mark E. Everett, Pipa Fernandez, Eli Golub, Bruno Guillet, Samuel Halverson, Leslie Hebb, Jesus Higuera, Chelsea X. Huang, Jessica Klusmeyer, Rachel Knight, Liouba Leroux, Sarah E. Logsdon, Margaret Loose, Michael W. McElwain, Andrew Monson, Joe P. Ninan, Grzegorz Nowak, Enric Palle, Yatrik Patel, Joshua Pepper, Michael Primm, Jayadev Rajagopal, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Donald P. Schneider, Christian Schwab, Heidi Schweiker, Lauren Sgro, Masao Shimizu, Georges Simard, Guðmundur Stefánsson, Daniel J. Stevens, Steven Villanueva, John Wisniewski, Stefan Will and Carl Ziegler
Additional contact information
Arvind F. Gupta: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Sarah C. Millholland: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Haedam Im: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jiayin Dong: Flatiron Institute
Jonathan M. Jackson: Wesleyan University
Ilaria Carleo: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)
Jessica Libby-Roberts: The Pennsylvania State University
Megan Delamer: The Pennsylvania State University
Mark R. Giovinazzi: University of Pennsylvania
Andrea S. J. Lin: The Pennsylvania State University
Shubham Kanodia: Carnegie Institution for Science
Xian-Yu Wang: Indiana University Bloomington
Keivan Stassun: Vanderbilt University
Thomas Masseron: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)
Diana Dragomir: University of New Mexico
Suvrath Mahadevan: The Pennsylvania State University
Jason Wright: The Pennsylvania State University
Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes: Macquarie University
Chad Bender: University of Arizona
Cullen H. Blake: University of Pennsylvania
Douglas Caldwell: SETI Institute
Caleb I. Cañas: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
William D. Cochran: The University of Texas at Austin
Paul Dalba: University of California, Santa Cruz
Mark E. Everett: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Pipa Fernandez: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Eli Golub: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Samuel Halverson: California Institute of Technology
Leslie Hebb: Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Jesus Higuera: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Chelsea X. Huang: University of Southern Queensland
Jessica Klusmeyer: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Sarah E. Logsdon: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Michael W. McElwain: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Andrew Monson: University of Arizona
Joe P. Ninan: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Grzegorz Nowak: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)
Enric Palle: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)
Yatrik Patel: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Joshua Pepper: Lehigh University
Jayadev Rajagopal: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Paul Robertson: University of California, Irvine
Arpita Roy: Schmidt Sciences
Donald P. Schneider: The Pennsylvania State University
Christian Schwab: Macquarie University
Heidi Schweiker: U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NSF NOIRLab)
Lauren Sgro: SETI Institute
Guðmundur Stefánsson: Princeton University
Daniel J. Stevens: University of Minnesota Duluth
Steven Villanueva: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
John Wisniewski: NASA Headquarters
Carl Ziegler: Stephen F. Austin State University

Nature, 2024, vol. 632, issue 8023, 50-54

Abstract: Abstract Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations1. These ‘hot Jupiter’ planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization2,3. The discovery of the extremely eccentric (e = 0.93) giant exoplanet HD 80606 b (ref. 4) provided observational evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed through this high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway5. However, no similar hot-Jupiter progenitors have been found and simulations predict that one factor affecting the efficacy of this mechanism is exoplanet mass, as low-mass planets are more likely to be tidally disrupted during periastron passage6–8. Here we present spectroscopic and photometric observations of TIC 241249530 b, a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter with an extreme orbital eccentricity of e = 0.94. The orbit of TIC 241249530 b is consistent with a history of eccentricity oscillations and a future tidal circularization trajectory. Our analysis of the mass and eccentricity distributions of the transiting-warm-Jupiter population further reveals a correlation between high mass and high eccentricity.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07688-3

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