Ultra-high-energy gamma-ray bubble around microquasar V4641 Sgr

Alfaro, R.; Alvarez, C.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Rojas, D. Avila; Solares, H. A. Ayala; Babu, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Capistrán, T.; Carramiñana, A.; Casanova, S.; Cotti, U.; Cotzomi, J.; de León, S. Coutiño; Fuente, E.; Depaoli, D.; Lalla, N.; Hernandez, R. Diaz; Dingus, B. L.; DuVernois, M. A.; Durocher, M.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Engel, K.; Espinoza, C.; Fan, K. L.; Fang, K.; Fraija, N.; Fraija, S.; García-González, J. A.; Garfias, F.; Muñoz, A. Gonzalez; González, M. M.; Goodman, J. A.; Groetsch, S.; Harding, J. P.; Herzog, I.; Hinton, J.; Huang, D.; Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.; Hüntemeyer, P.; Iriarte, A.; Joshi, V.; Kaufmann, S.; Kieda, D.; León, C.; Lee, J.; Vargas, H. León; Linnemann, J. T.; Longinotti, A. L.; Luis-Raya, G.; Malone, K.; Martinez, O.; Martínez-Castro, J.; Matthews, J. A.; Miranda-Romagnoli, P.; Morales-Soto, J. A.; Moreno, E.; Mostafá, M.; Nayerhoda, A.; Nellen, L.; Newbold, M.; Nisa, M. U.; Noriega-Papaqui, R.; Olivera-Nieto, L.; Omodei, N.; Osorio, M.; Araujo, Y. Pérez; Pérez-Pérez, E. G.; Rho, C. D.; Rosa-González, D.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Salazar, H.; Salazar-Gallegos, D.; Sandoval, A.; Schneider, M.; Serna-Franco, J.; Smith, A. J.; Son, Y.; Springer, R. W.; Tibolla, O.; Tollefson, K.; Torres, I.; Torres-Escobedo, R.; Turner, R.; Ureña-Mena, F.; Varela, E.; Villaseñor, L.; Wang, X.; Watson, I. J.; Willox, E.; Yun-Cárcamo, S.; Zhou, H.

Ultra-high-energy gamma-ray bubble around microquasar V4641 Sgr

R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova (), U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. Fuente, D. Depaoli, N. Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang (), N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez Muñoz, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, D. Huang (), F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, C. León, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, M. Osorio, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang (), I. J. Watson, E. Willox, S. Yun-Cárcamo and H. Zhou
Additional contact information
R. Alfaro: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
C. Alvarez: Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
D. Avila Rojas: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
H. A. Ayala Solares: Pennsylvania State University
R. Babu: Michigan Technological University
E. Belmont-Moreno: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
K. S. Caballero-Mora: Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
T. Capistrán: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
A. Carramiñana: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
S. Casanova: Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences
U. Cotti: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
J. Cotzomi: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
S. Coutiño de León: University of Wisconsin–Madison
E. Fuente: Universidad de Guadalajara
D. Depaoli: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
N. Lalla: Stanford University
R. Diaz Hernandez: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
B. L. Dingus: Los Alamos National Laboratory
M. A. DuVernois: University of Wisconsin–Madison
M. Durocher: Los Alamos National Laboratory
J. C. Díaz-Vélez: University of Wisconsin–Madison
K. Engel: University of Maryland
C. Espinoza: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
K. L. Fan: University of Maryland
K. Fang: University of Wisconsin–Madison
N. Fraija: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
S. Fraija: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
J. A. García-González: Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias
F. Garfias: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
A. Gonzalez Muñoz: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
M. M. González: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
J. A. Goodman: University of Maryland
S. Groetsch: Michigan Technological University
J. P. Harding: Los Alamos National Laboratory
I. Herzog: Michigan State University
J. Hinton: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Huang: University of Maryland
F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla: Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
P. Hüntemeyer: Michigan Technological University
A. Iriarte: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
V. Joshi: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Kaufmann: Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca
D. Kieda: University of Utah
C. León: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
J. Lee: University of Seoul
H. León Vargas: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
J. T. Linnemann: Michigan State University
A. L. Longinotti: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
G. Luis-Raya: Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca
K. Malone: Los Alamos National Laboratory
O. Martinez: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
J. Martínez-Castro: Instituto Politécnico Nacional
J. A. Matthews: University of New Mexico
P. Miranda-Romagnoli: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
J. A. Morales-Soto: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
E. Moreno: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
M. Mostafá: Temple University
A. Nayerhoda: Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences
L. Nellen: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico
M. Newbold: University of Utah
M. U. Nisa: Michigan State University
R. Noriega-Papaqui: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
L. Olivera-Nieto: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
N. Omodei: Stanford University
M. Osorio: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Y. Pérez Araujo: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
E. G. Pérez-Pérez: Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca
C. D. Rho: Sungkyunkwan University
D. Rosa-González: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
E. Ruiz-Velasco: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
H. Salazar: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
D. Salazar-Gallegos: Michigan State University
A. Sandoval: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
M. Schneider: University of Maryland
J. Serna-Franco: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
A. J. Smith: University of Maryland
Y. Son: University of Seoul
R. W. Springer: University of Utah
O. Tibolla: Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca
K. Tollefson: Michigan State University
I. Torres: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
R. Torres-Escobedo: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
R. Turner: Michigan Technological University
F. Ureña-Mena: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
E. Varela: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
L. Villaseñor: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
X. Wang: Michigan Technological University
I. J. Watson: University of Seoul
E. Willox: University of Maryland
S. Yun-Cárcamo: University of Maryland
H. Zhou: Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Nature, 2024, vol. 634, issue 8034, 557-560

Abstract: Abstract Microquasars are laboratories for the study of jets of relativistic particles produced by accretion onto a spinning black hole. Microquasars are near enough to allow detailed imaging of spatial features across the multiwavelength spectrum. The recent extension measurement of the spatial morphology of a microquasar, SS 433, to TeV gamma rays1 localizes the acceleration of electrons at shocks in the jet far from the black hole2. V4641 Sagittarii (V4641 Sgr) is a similar binary system with a black hole and B-type main-sequence companion star and has an orbit period of 2.8 days (refs. 3,4). It stands out for its super-Eddington accretion5 and for its radio jet, which is one of the fastest superluminal jets in the Milky Way. Previous observations of V4641 Sgr did not report gamma-ray emission6. Here we report TeV gamma-ray emission from V4641 Sgr that reveals particle acceleration at similar distances from the black hole as SS 433. Furthermore, the gamma-ray spectrum of V4641 Sgr is among the hardest TeV spectra observed from any known gamma-ray source and is detected above 200 TeV. Gamma rays are produced by particles, either electrons or protons, of higher energies. Because energetic electrons lose energy more quickly the higher their energy, such a spectrum either very strongly constrains the electron-production mechanism or points to the acceleration of high-energy protons. This suggests that large-scale jets from microquasars could be more common than previously expected and that they could be a notable source of galactic cosmic rays7–9.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07995-9

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