Smooth trends in fermium charge radii and the impact of shell effects

Jessica Warbinek (), Elisabeth Rickert, Sebastian Raeder (), Thomas Albrecht-Schönzart, Brankica Andelic, Julian Auler, Benjamin Bally, Michael Bender, Sebastian Berndt, Michael Block, Alexandre Brizard, Pierre Chauveau, Bradley Cheal, Premaditya Chhetri, Arno Claessens, Antoine de Roubin, Charlie Devlin, Holger Dorrer, Christoph E. Düllmann, Julie Ezold, Rafael Ferrer, Vadim Gadelshin, Alyssa Gaiser, Francesca Giacoppo, Stephane Goriely, Manuel J. Gutiérrez, Ashley Harvey, Raphael Hasse, Reinhard Heinke, Fritz-Peter Heßberger, Stephane Hilaire, Magdalena Kaja, Oliver Kaleja, Tom Kieck, EunKang Kim, Nina Kneip, Ulli Köster, Sandro Kraemer, Mustapha Laatiaoui, Jeremy Lantis, Nathalie Lecesne, Andrea Tzeitel Loria Basto, Andrew Kishor Mistry, Christoph Mokry, Iain Moore, Tobias Murböck, Danny Münzberg, Witold Nazarewicz, Thorben Niemeyer, Steven Nothhelfer, Sophie Péru, Andrea Raggio, Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Dennis Renisch, Emmanuel Rey-Herme, Jekabs Romans, Elisa Romero Romero, Jörg Runke, Wouter Ryssens, Hervé Savajols, Fabian Schneider, Joseph Sperling, Matou Stemmler, Dominik Studer, Petra Thörle-Pospiech, Norbert Trautmann, Mitzi Urquiza-González, Kenneth van Beek, Shelley Van Cleve, Piet Van Duppen, Marine Vandebrouck, Elise Verstraelen, Thomas Walther, Felix Weber and Klaus Wendt
Additional contact information
Jessica Warbinek: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Elisabeth Rickert: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Sebastian Raeder: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Thomas Albrecht-Schönzart: Colorado School of Mines
Brankica Andelic: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Julian Auler: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Benjamin Bally: Université Paris-Saclay
Michael Bender: CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I, UMR 5822
Sebastian Berndt: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Michael Block: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Alexandre Brizard: GANIL
Pierre Chauveau: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Bradley Cheal: University of Liverpool
Premaditya Chhetri: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Arno Claessens: KU Leuven
Antoine de Roubin: KU Leuven
Charlie Devlin: University of Liverpool
Holger Dorrer: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Christoph E. Düllmann: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Julie Ezold: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Rafael Ferrer: KU Leuven
Vadim Gadelshin: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Alyssa Gaiser: Michigan State University
Francesca Giacoppo: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Stephane Goriely: Université Libre de Bruxelles
Manuel J. Gutiérrez: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Ashley Harvey: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Raphael Hasse: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Reinhard Heinke: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Fritz-Peter Heßberger: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Stephane Hilaire: CEA, DAM, DIF
Magdalena Kaja: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Oliver Kaleja: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Tom Kieck: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
EunKang Kim: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Nina Kneip: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Ulli Köster: Institut Laue-Langevin
Sandro Kraemer: KU Leuven
Mustapha Laatiaoui: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Jeremy Lantis: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Nathalie Lecesne: GANIL
Andrea Tzeitel Loria Basto: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Andrew Kishor Mistry: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Christoph Mokry: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Iain Moore: University of Jyväskylä
Tobias Murböck: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Danny Münzberg: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Witold Nazarewicz: Michigan State University
Thorben Niemeyer: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Steven Nothhelfer: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Sophie Péru: CEA, DAM, DIF
Andrea Raggio: University of Jyväskylä
Paul-Gerhard Reinhard: Universität Erlangen
Dennis Renisch: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Emmanuel Rey-Herme: Université Paris-Saclay
Jekabs Romans: KU Leuven
Elisa Romero Romero: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Jörg Runke: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Wouter Ryssens: Université Libre de Bruxelles
Hervé Savajols: GANIL
Fabian Schneider: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Joseph Sperling: Colorado School of Mines
Matou Stemmler: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Dominik Studer: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Petra Thörle-Pospiech: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Norbert Trautmann: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Mitzi Urquiza-González: HÜBNER
Kenneth van Beek: TU Darmstadt
Shelley Van Cleve: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Piet Van Duppen: KU Leuven
Marine Vandebrouck: Université Paris-Saclay
Elise Verstraelen: KU Leuven
Thomas Walther: TU Darmstadt
Felix Weber: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Klaus Wendt: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz

Nature, 2024, vol. 634, issue 8036, 1075-1079

Abstract: Abstract The quantum-mechanical nuclear-shell structure determines the stability and limits of the existence of the heaviest nuclides with large proton numbers Z ≳ 100 (refs. 1–3). Shell effects also affect the sizes and shapes of atomic nuclei, as shown by laser spectroscopy studies in lighter nuclides4. However, experimental information on the charge radii and the nuclear moments of the heavy actinide elements, which link the heaviest naturally abundant nuclides with artificially produced superheavy elements, is sparse5. Here we present laser spectroscopy measurements along the fermium (Z = 100) isotopic chain and an extension of data in the nobelium isotopic chain (Z = 102) across a key region. Multiple production schemes and different advanced techniques were applied to determine the isotope shifts in atomic transitions, from which changes in the nuclear mean-square charge radii were extracted. A range of nuclear models based on energy density functionals reproduce well the observed smooth evolution of the nuclear size. Both the remarkable consistency of model prediction and the similarity of predictions for different isotopes suggest a transition to a regime in which shell effects have a diminished effect on the size compared with lighter nuclei.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08062-z

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