Keeping the global consumption within the planetary boundaries

Peipei Tian, Honglin Zhong, Xiangjie Chen, Kuishuang Feng (), Laixiang Sun (), Ning Zhang (), Xuan Shao, Yu Liu and Klaus Hubacek ()
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Peipei Tian: Shandong University
Honglin Zhong: Shandong University
Xiangjie Chen: University of Maryland
Kuishuang Feng: University of Maryland
Laixiang Sun: University of Maryland
Ning Zhang: Shandong University
Xuan Shao: Shandong University
Yu Liu: Peking University
Klaus Hubacek: University of Groningen

Nature, 2024, vol. 635, issue 8039, 625-630

Abstract: Abstract The disparity in environmental impacts across different countries has been widely acknowledged1,2. However, ascertaining the specific responsibility within the complex interactions of economies and consumption groups remains a challenging endeavour3–5. Here, using an expenditure database that includes up to 201 consumption groups across 168 countries, we investigate the distribution of 6 environmental footprint indicators and assess the impact of specific consumption expenditures on planetary boundary transgressions. We show that 31–67% and 51–91% of the planetary boundary breaching responsibility could be attributed to the global top 10% and top 20% of consumers, respectively, from both developed and developing countries. By following an effective mitigation pathway, the global top 20% of consumers could adopt the consumption levels and patterns that have the lowest environmental impacts within their quintile, yielding a reduction of 25–53% in environmental pressure. In this scenario, actions focused solely on the food and services sectors would reduce environmental pressure enough to bring land-system change and biosphere integrity back within their respective planetary boundaries. Our study highlights the critical need to focus on high-expenditure consumers for effectively addressing planetary boundary transgressions.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08154-w

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