Homogenized contact in all-perovskite tandems using tailored 2D perovskite

Yurui Wang, Renxing Lin, Chenshuaiyu Liu, Xiaoyu Wang, Cullen Chosy, Yuki Haruta, Anh Dinh Bui, Minghui Li, Hongfei Sun, Xuntian Zheng, Haowen Luo, Pu Wu, Han Gao, Wenjie Sun, Yuefeng Nie, Hesheng Zhu, Kun Zhou, Hieu T. Nguyen, Xin Luo, Ludong Li, Chuanxiao Xiao, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Samuel D. Stranks (), Lijun Zhang () and Hairen Tan ()
Additional contact information
Yurui Wang: Nanjing University
Renxing Lin: Nanjing University
Chenshuaiyu Liu: Nanjing University
Xiaoyu Wang: Jilin University
Cullen Chosy: University of Cambridge
Yuki Haruta: University of Victoria
Anh Dinh Bui: The Australian National University
Minghui Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hongfei Sun: Nanjing University
Xuntian Zheng: Nanjing University
Haowen Luo: Nanjing University
Pu Wu: Nanjing University
Han Gao: Nanjing University
Wenjie Sun: Nanjing University
Yuefeng Nie: Nanjing University
Hesheng Zhu: Nanjing University
Kun Zhou: Jilin University
Hieu T. Nguyen: The Australian National University
Xin Luo: Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co. Ltd.
Ludong Li: Nanjing University
Chuanxiao Xiao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Makhsud I. Saidaminov: University of Victoria
Samuel D. Stranks: University of Cambridge
Lijun Zhang: Jilin University
Hairen Tan: Nanjing University

Nature, 2024, vol. 635, issue 8040, 867-873

Abstract: Abstract The fabrication of scalable all-perovskite tandem solar cells is considered an attractive route to commercialize perovskite photovoltaic modules1. However, the certified efficiency of 1-cm2-scale all-perovskite tandem solar cells lags behind their small-area (approximately 0.05-cm2) counterparts2,3. This performance deficit originates from inhomogeneity in wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at a large scale. The inhomogeneity is known to be introduced at the bottom interface and within the perovskite bulk itself4,5. Here we uncover another crucial source for the inhomogeneity—the top interface formed during the deposition of the electron transport layer (ETL; C60). Meanwhile, the poor ETL interface is also a notable limitation of device performance. We address this issue by introducing a mixture of 4-fluorophenethylamine (F-PEA) and 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylammonium (CF3-PA) to create a tailored 2D perovskite layer (TTDL), in which F-PEA forms a 2D perovskite at the surface, reducing contact losses and inhomogeneity, and CF3-PA enhances charge extraction and transport. As a result, we demonstrate a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.35 V and an efficiency of 20.5% in 1.77-eV WBG PSCs at a square-centimetre scale. By stacking with a narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskite subcell, we report 1.05-cm2 all-perovskite tandem cells delivering 28.5% (certified 28.2%) efficiency, the highest reported so far. Our work showcases the importance of treating the top perovskite/ETL contact for upscaling PSCs.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08158-6

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