Sacrificial capillary pumps to engineer multiscalar biological forms

Subramanian Sundaram (), Joshua H. Lee, Isabel M. Bjørge, Christos Michas, Sudong Kim, Alex Lammers, João F. Mano, Jeroen Eyckmans, Alice E. White and Christopher S. Chen ()
Additional contact information
Subramanian Sundaram: Boston University
Joshua H. Lee: Boston University
Isabel M. Bjørge: Boston University
Christos Michas: Boston University
Sudong Kim: Boston University
Alex Lammers: Boston University
João F. Mano: University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago
Jeroen Eyckmans: Boston University
Alice E. White: Boston University
Christopher S. Chen: Boston University

Nature, 2024, vol. 636, issue 8042, 361-367

Abstract: Abstract Natural tissues are composed of diverse cells and extracellular materials whose arrangements across several length scales—from subcellular lengths1 (micrometre) to the organ scale2 (centimetre)—regulate biological functions. Tissue-fabrication methods have progressed to large constructs, for example, through stereolithography3 and nozzle-based bioprinting4,5, and subcellular resolution through subtractive photoablation6–8. However, additive bioprinting struggles with sub-nozzle/voxel features9 and photoablation is restricted to small volumes by prohibitive heat generation and time10. Building across several length scales with temperature-sensitive, water-based soft biological matter has emerged as a critical challenge, leaving large classes of biological motifs—such as multiscalar vascular trees with varying calibres—inaccessible with present technologies11,12. Here we use gallium-based engineered sacrificial capillary pumps for evacuation (ESCAPE) during moulding to generate multiscalar structures in soft natural hydrogels, achieving both cellular-scale (

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08175-5

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