Formation of individual stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard system

Dominik Bourgund (), Thomas Chalopin, Petar Bojović, Henning Schlömer, Si Wang, Titus Franz, Sarah Hirthe, Annabelle Bohrdt, Fabian Grusdt, Immanuel Bloch and Timon A. Hilker ()
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Dominik Bourgund: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Thomas Chalopin: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Petar Bojović: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Henning Schlömer: Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology
Si Wang: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Titus Franz: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Sarah Hirthe: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Annabelle Bohrdt: Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology
Fabian Grusdt: Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology
Immanuel Bloch: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik
Timon A. Hilker: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik

Nature, 2025, vol. 637, issue 8044, 57-62

Abstract: Abstract The relation between d-wave superconductivity and stripes is fundamental to the understanding of ordered phases in high-temperature cuprate superconductors1–6. These phases can be strongly influenced by anisotropic couplings, leading to higher critical temperatures, as emphasized by the recent discovery of superconductivity in nickelates7–10. Quantum simulators with ultracold atoms provide a versatile platform to engineer such couplings and to observe emergent structures in real space with single-particle resolution. Here we show, to our knowledge, the first signatures of individual stripes in a cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard quantum simulator using mixed-dimensional (mixD) settings. Increasing the energy scale of hole–hole attraction to the spin exchange energy, we access the interesting crossover temperature regime in which stripes begin to form11. We observe extended, attractive correlations between hole dopants and find an increased probability of forming larger structures akin to individual stripes. In the spin sector, we study correlation functions up to the third order and find results consistent with stripe formation. These observations are interpreted as a precursor to the stripe phase, which is characterized by interleaved charge and spin density wave ordering with fluctuating lines of dopants separating domains of opposite antiferromagnetic order12–14.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08270-7

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