Quantum coarsening and collective dynamics on a programmable simulator

Tom Manovitz, Sophie H. Li, Sepehr Ebadi, Rhine Samajdar, Alexandra A. Geim, Simon J. Evered, Dolev Bluvstein, Hengyun Zhou, Nazli Ugur Koyluoglu, Johannes Feldmeier, Pavel E. Dolgirev, Nishad Maskara, Marcin Kalinowski, Subir Sachdev, David A. Huse, Markus Greiner, Vladan Vuletić and Mikhail D. Lukin ()
Additional contact information
Tom Manovitz: Harvard University
Sophie H. Li: Harvard University
Sepehr Ebadi: Harvard University
Rhine Samajdar: Princeton University
Alexandra A. Geim: Harvard University
Simon J. Evered: Harvard University
Dolev Bluvstein: Harvard University
Hengyun Zhou: Harvard University
Nazli Ugur Koyluoglu: Harvard University
Johannes Feldmeier: Harvard University
Pavel E. Dolgirev: Harvard University
Nishad Maskara: Harvard University
Marcin Kalinowski: Harvard University
Subir Sachdev: Harvard University
David A. Huse: Princeton University
Markus Greiner: Harvard University
Vladan Vuletić: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mikhail D. Lukin: Harvard University

Nature, 2025, vol. 638, issue 8049, 86-92

Abstract: Abstract Understanding the collective quantum dynamics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is an outstanding challenge in quantum science. In particular, dynamics driven by quantum fluctuations are important for the formation of exotic quantum phases of matter1, fundamental high-energy processes2, quantum metrology3,4 and quantum algorithms5. Here we use a programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays to experimentally study collective dynamics across a (2+1)-dimensional Ising quantum phase transition. After crossing the quantum critical point, we observe a gradual growth of correlations through coarsening of antiferromagnetically ordered domains6. By deterministically preparing and following the evolution of ordered domains, we show that the coarsening is driven by the curvature of domain boundaries, and find that the dynamics accelerate with proximity to the quantum critical point. We quantitatively explore these phenomena and further observe long-lived oscillations of the order parameter, corresponding to an amplitude (‘Higgs’) mode7. These observations offer a viewpoint into emergent collective dynamics in strongly correlated quantum systems and non-equilibrium quantum processes.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08353-5

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