Metal-halide porous framework superlattices

Wenqiang Zhang, Hong Jiang, Yikuan Liu, Yue Hu, Athulya Surendran Palakkal, Yujie Zhou, Meng Sun, Enping Du, Wei Gong, Qun Zhang, Jianwen Jiang, Jinqiao Dong, Yan Liu, Dehui Li, Yihan Zhu (), Yong Cui () and Xiangfeng Duan ()
Additional contact information
Wenqiang Zhang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Hong Jiang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yikuan Liu: Zhejiang University of Technology
Yue Hu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Athulya Surendran Palakkal: National University of Singapore
Yujie Zhou: University of Science and Technology of China
Meng Sun: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Enping Du: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Wei Gong: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Qun Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
Jianwen Jiang: National University of Singapore
Jinqiao Dong: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yan Liu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Dehui Li: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yihan Zhu: Zhejiang University of Technology
Yong Cui: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Xiangfeng Duan: University of California, Los Angeles

Nature, 2025, vol. 638, issue 8050, 418-424

Abstract: Abstract The construction of superlattices with a spatial modulation of chemical compositions allows for the creation of artificial materials with tailorable periodic potential landscapes and tunable electronic and optical properties1–5. Conventional semiconductor superlattices with designable potential modulation in one dimension has enabled high-electron-mobility transistors and quantum-cascade lasers. More recently, a diverse set of superlattices has been constructed through self-assembly or guided assembly of multiscale building units, including zero-dimensional nanoclusters and nanoparticles6,7, one-dimensional nanorods and nanowires8,9, two-dimensional nanolayers and nanosheets10–13, and hybrid two-dimensional molecular assemblies14–17. These self-assembled superlattices feature periodic structural modulation in two or three dimensions, but often lack atomic precision owing to the inevitable structural disorder at the interfaces between the constituent units. Here we report a one-pot synthesis of multi-dimensional single-crystalline superlattices consisting of periodic arrangement of zero-, one- and two-dimensional building units. By exploiting zirconium (IV) metal–organic frameworks as host templates for directed nucleation and precise growth of metal-halide sublattices through a coordination-assisted assembly strategy, we synthesize a family of single-crystalline porous superlattices. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy clearly resolve the high-order superlattice structure with deterministic atomic coordinates. Further treatment with selected amine molecules produces perovskite-like superlattices with highly tunable photoluminescence and chiroptical properties. Our study creates a platform of high-order single-crystalline porous superlattices, opening opportunities to tailor the electronic, optical and quantum properties beyond the reach of conventional crystalline solids.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08447-0

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