Multiplexed entanglement of multi-emitter quantum network nodes

A. Ruskuc, C.-J. Wu, E. Green, S. L. N. Hermans, W. Pajak, J. Choi and A. Faraon ()
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A. Ruskuc: California Institute of Technology
C.-J. Wu: California Institute of Technology
E. Green: California Institute of Technology
S. L. N. Hermans: California Institute of Technology
W. Pajak: California Institute of Technology
J. Choi: Stanford University
A. Faraon: California Institute of Technology

Nature, 2025, vol. 639, issue 8053, 54-59

Abstract: Abstract Quantum networks that distribute entanglement among remote nodes will unlock transformational technologies in quantum computing, communication and sensing1–4. However, state-of-the-art networks5–14 use only a single optically addressed qubit per node; this constrains both the quantum communication bandwidth and memory resources, greatly impeding scalability. Solid-state platforms15–24 provide a valuable resource for multiplexed quantum networking in which multiple spectrally distinguishable qubits can be hosted in nano-scale volumes. Here we harness this resource by implementing a two-node network consisting of several rare-earth ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities25–31. This is accomplished with a protocol that entangles distinguishable 171Yb ions through frequency-erasing photon detection combined with real-time quantum feedforward. This method is robust to slow optical frequency fluctuations occurring on timescales longer than a single entanglement attempt: a universal challenge amongst solid-state emitters. We demonstrate the enhanced functionality of these multi-emitter nodes in two ways. First, we mitigate the bottlenecks to the entanglement distribution rate through multiplexed entanglement of two remote ion pairs32,33. Second, we prepare multipartite W-states comprising three distinguishable ions as a resource for advanced quantum networking protocols34,35. These results lay the groundwork for scalable quantum networking based on rare-earth ions.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08537-z

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