A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies

Sergiu P. Pașca (), Paola Arlotta, Helen S. Bateup, J. Gray Camp, Silvia Cappello, Fred H. Gage, Jürgen A. Knoblich, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Madeline A. Lancaster, Guo-Li Ming, Gaia Novarino, Hideyuki Okano, Malin Parmar, In-Hyun Park, Orly Reiner, Hongjun Song, Lorenz Studer, Jun Takahashi, Sally Temple, Giuseppe Testa, Barbara Treutlein, Flora M. Vaccarino, Pierre Vanderhaeghen and Tracy Young-Pearse
Additional contact information
Sergiu P. Pașca: Stanford University
Paola Arlotta: Harvard University
Helen S. Bateup: University of California Berkeley
J. Gray Camp: Roche Innovation Center Basel
Silvia Cappello: Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Fred H. Gage: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Jürgen A. Knoblich: Vienna Biocenter
Arnold R. Kriegstein: University of California San Francisco
Madeline A. Lancaster: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Guo-Li Ming: University of Pennsylvania
Gaia Novarino: Institute of Science and Technology of Austria
Hideyuki Okano: Keio University Regenerative Medicine Research Center
Malin Parmar: Lund University
In-Hyun Park: Yale School of Medicine
Orly Reiner: Weizmann Institute of Science
Hongjun Song: University of Pennsylvania
Lorenz Studer: Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research
Jun Takahashi: Kyoto University
Sally Temple: Neural Stem Cell Institute
Giuseppe Testa: University of Milan
Barbara Treutlein: ETH Zürich
Flora M. Vaccarino: Yale University
Pierre Vanderhaeghen: VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research
Tracy Young-Pearse: Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School

Nature, 2025, vol. 639, issue 8054, 315-320

Abstract: Abstract As the field of neural organoids and assembloids expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. In this Perspective, we present a framework for the experimental process that encompasses ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells, characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, transplantation techniques and considerations for modelling human development, evolution and disease. As with all scientific endeavours, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions as well as transparent methodologies and data sharing to provide useful knowledge for current research practices and for developing regulatory standards.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6

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