Atomic lift-off of epitaxial membranes for cooling-free infrared detection

Xinyuan Zhang, Owen Ericksen, Sangho Lee, Marx Akl, Min-Kyu Song, Haihui Lan, Pratap Pal, Jun Min Suh, Shane Lindemann, Jung-El Ryu, Yanjie Shao, Xudong Zheng, Ne Myo Han, Bikram Bhatia, Hyunseok Kim, Hyun S. Kum, Celesta S. Chang (), Yunfeng Shi (), Chang-Beom Eom () and Jeehwan Kim ()
Additional contact information
Xinyuan Zhang: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Owen Ericksen: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sangho Lee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Marx Akl: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Min-Kyu Song: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Haihui Lan: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Pratap Pal: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Jun Min Suh: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Shane Lindemann: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Jung-El Ryu: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Yanjie Shao: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Xudong Zheng: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ne Myo Han: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Bikram Bhatia: University of Louisville
Hyunseok Kim: University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign
Hyun S. Kum: Yonsei University
Celesta S. Chang: Seoul National University
Yunfeng Shi: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Chang-Beom Eom: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Jeehwan Kim: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature, 2025, vol. 641, issue 8061, 98-105

Abstract: Abstract Recent breakthroughs in ultrathin, single-crystalline, freestanding complex oxide systems have sparked industry interest in their potential for next-generation commercial devices1,2. However, the mass production of these ultrathin complex oxide membranes has been hindered by the challenging requirement of inserting an artificial release layer between the epilayers and substrates3,4. Here we introduce a technique that achieves atomic precision lift-off of ultrathin membranes without artificial release layers to facilitate the high-throughput production of scalable, ultrathin, freestanding perovskite systems. Leveraging both theoretical insights and empirical evidence, we have identified the pivotal role of lead in weakening the interface. This insight has led to the creation of a universal exfoliation strategy that enables the production of diverse ultrathin perovskite membranes less than 10 nm. Our pyroelectric membranes demonstrate a record-high pyroelectric coefficient of 1.76 × 10−2 C m−2 K−1, attributed to their exceptionally low thickness and freestanding nature. Moreover, this method offers an approach to manufacturing cooling-free detectors that can cover the full far-infrared spectrum, marking a notable advancement in detector technology5.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08874-7

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