Wireless transmission of internal hazard signals in Li-ion batteries

Jinbao Fan, Chenchen Liu, Na Li, Le Yang, Xiao-Guang Yang, Bowen Dou, Shujuan Hou, Xuning Feng, Hanqing Jiang, Hong Li, Wei-Li Song (), Lei Sun (), Hao-Sen Chen (), Huajian Gao and Daining Fang
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Jinbao Fan: Beijing Institute of Technology
Chenchen Liu: Beijing Institute of Technology
Na Li: University of Science and Technology Beijing
Le Yang: Beijing Institute of Technology
Xiao-Guang Yang: Beijing Institute of Technology
Bowen Dou: Beijing Institute of Technology
Shujuan Hou: Beijing Institute of Technology
Xuning Feng: Tsinghua University
Hanqing Jiang: Westlake University
Hong Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wei-Li Song: Beijing Institute of Technology
Lei Sun: Beijing Institute of Technology
Hao-Sen Chen: Beijing Institute of Technology
Huajian Gao: Tsinghua University
Daining Fang: Beijing Institute of Technology

Nature, 2025, vol. 641, issue 8063, 639-645

Abstract: Abstract High-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a critical role as power sources across diverse applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable-energy-storage systems1. However, there is growing concern about the safety of integrated LIB systems, with reports of up to 9,486 incidents between 2020 and 2024 (ref. 2). To ensure the safe application of commercial LIBs, it is essential to capture internal signals that enable early failure diagnosis and warning. Monitoring non-uniform temperature and strain distributions within the jelly-roll structures of the battery provides a promising approach to achieving this goal3,4. Here we propose a miniaturized and low-power-consumption system capable of accurate sensing and wireless transmission of internal temperature and strain signals inside LIBs, with negligible influence on its performance. The acquisition of internal temperature signals and the area ratio between initial internal-short-circuited regions and battery electrodes enables quantitative analysis of thermal fusing and thermal runaway phenomena, leading to the evaluation of the intensity of battery thermal runaway and recognition of thermal abuse behaviours. This work provides a foundation for designing next-generation smart LIBs with safety warning and failure positioning capabilities.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08785-7

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