Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper–iodide LEDs

Kun Zhu, Obadiah Reid, Sylvie Rangan, Li Wang, Jingbai Li, Kevin Antony Jesu Durai, Kang Zhou, Nasir Javed, Leila Kasaei, Chongqing Yang, Mingxing Li, Yue Sun, Kui Tan, Mircea Cotlet, Yi Liu, Leonard C. Feldman, Deirdre M. O’Carroll, Kai Zhu and Jing Li ()
Additional contact information
Kun Zhu: Rutgers University
Obadiah Reid: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Sylvie Rangan: Rutgers University
Li Wang: Shenzhen Polytechnic University
Jingbai Li: Shenzhen Polytechnic University
Kevin Antony Jesu Durai: University of North Texas
Kang Zhou: Shenzhen Polytechnic University
Nasir Javed: Rutgers University
Leila Kasaei: Rutgers University
Chongqing Yang: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mingxing Li: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Yue Sun: Rutgers University
Kui Tan: University of North Texas
Mircea Cotlet: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Yi Liu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Leonard C. Feldman: Rutgers University
Deirdre M. O’Carroll: Rutgers University
Kai Zhu: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Jing Li: Rutgers University

Nature, 2025, vol. 643, issue 8074, 1246-1254

Abstract: Abstract Solution-processed light-emitting diodes based on non-toxic copper–iodide hybrids1 are a compelling solution for efficient and stable deep-blue lighting, owing to their tunability, high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental sustainability2. Here we present a hybrid copper–iodide that shows near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99.6%) with an emission wavelength of 449 nm and colour coordinates (0.147, 0.087), alongside its emission mechanism and charge transport characteristics. We use the thin film of this hybrid as the sole active emissive layer to fabricate deep-blue light-emitting diodes and subsequently enhance the device performance through a dual interfacial hydrogen-bond passivation strategy. This synergetic surface modification approach, integrating a hydrogen-bond-acceptor self-assembled monolayer with an ultrathin polymethyl methacrylate capping layer, effectively passivates both heterojunctions of the copper–iodide hybrid emissive layer and optimizes charge injections. We achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.57%, a maximum luminance of 3,970.30 cd m−2 with colour coordinates (0.147, 0.091) and an excellent operational stability (half-lifetime) of 204 hours under ambient conditions. We further showcase a large-area device of 4 cm2 that maintains high efficiency. Our findings reveal the potential of copper–iodide-based hybrid materials for applications in solid-state lighting3 and display technologies4, offering a versatile strategy for enhancing device performances.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09257-8

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