Seismic detection of a 600-km solid inner core in Mars

Huixing Bi, Daoyuan Sun (), Ningyu Sun, Zhu Mao, Mingwei Dai and Douglas Hemingway
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Huixing Bi: University of Science and Technology of China
Daoyuan Sun: University of Science and Technology of China
Ningyu Sun: CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology
Zhu Mao: University of Science and Technology of China
Mingwei Dai: University of Science and Technology of China
Douglas Hemingway: University of Texas at Austin

Nature, 2025, vol. 645, issue 8079, 67-72

Abstract: Abstract For rocky planets, the presence of a solid inner core has notable implications on the composition and thermal evolution of the core and on the magnetic history of the planet1–3. On Mars, geophysical observations have confirmed that the core is at least partially liquid4–7, but it is unknown whether any part of the core is solid. Here we present an analysis of seismic data acquired by the InSight mission, demonstrating that Mars has a solid inner core. We identify two seismic phases, the deep core-transiting phase, PKKP, and the inner core boundary reflecting phase, PKiKP, indicative of the inner core. Our inversions constrain the radius of the Martian inner core to about 613 ± 67 km, with a compressional velocity jump of around 30% across the inner core boundary, supported by additional inner-core-related seismic phases. These properties imply a concentration of distinct light elements in the inner core, segregated from the outer core through core crystallization. This finding provides an anchor point for understanding the thermal and chemical state of Mars. Moreover, the relationship between inner core formation and the Martian magnetic field evolution could provide insights into dynamo generation across planetary bodies.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09361-9

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