A haplotype-resolved pangenome of the barley wild relative Hordeum bulbosum

Jia-Wu Feng, Hélène Pidon, Maria Cuacos, Thomas Lux, Axel Himmelbach, Reza Haghi, Jörg Fuchs, Georg Haberer, Yi-Tzu Kuo, Yu Guo, Murukarthick Jayakodi, Helena Toegelová, Dörte Harpke, Manuela Knauft, Anne Fiebig, Maren Maruschewski, Moshe Ronen, Amir Sharon, Hana Šimková, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Manuel Spannagl, Jochen Kumlehn, Stefan Heckmann, Andreas Houben, Frank R. Blattner (), Nils Stein () and Martin Mascher ()
Additional contact information
Jia-Wu Feng: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Hélène Pidon: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Maria Cuacos: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Thomas Lux: Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health
Axel Himmelbach: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Reza Haghi: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Jörg Fuchs: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Georg Haberer: Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health
Yi-Tzu Kuo: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Yu Guo: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Murukarthick Jayakodi: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Helena Toegelová: Tel Aviv University
Dörte Harpke: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Manuela Knauft: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Anne Fiebig: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Maren Maruschewski: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Moshe Ronen: Tel Aviv University
Amir Sharon: Tel Aviv University
Hana Šimková: Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics
Klaus F. X. Mayer: Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health
Manuel Spannagl: Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health
Jochen Kumlehn: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Stefan Heckmann: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Andreas Houben: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Frank R. Blattner: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Nils Stein: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben
Martin Mascher: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben

Nature, 2025, vol. 645, issue 8080, 429-438

Abstract: Abstract Wild plants can contribute valuable genes to their domesticated relatives1. Fertility barriers and a lack of genomic resources have hindered the effective use of crop–wild introgressions. Decades of research into barley’s closest wild relative, Hordeum bulbosum, a grass native to the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia, have yet to manifest themselves in the release of a cultivar bearing alien genes2. Here we construct a pangenome of bulbous barley comprising 10 phased genome sequence assemblies amounting to 32 distinct haplotypes. Autotetraploid cytotypes, among which the donors of resistance-conferring introgressions are found, arose at least twice, and are connected among each other and to diploid forms through gene flow. The differential amplification of transposable elements after barley and H. bulbosum diverged from each other is responsible for genome size differences between them. We illustrate the translational value of our resource by mapping non-host resistance to a viral pathogen to a structurally diverse multigene cluster that has been implicated in diverse immune responses in wheat and barley.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09270-x

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