Dual-scale chemical ordering for cryogenic properties in CoNiV-based alloys

Tiwen Lu, Binhan Sun, Yue Li, Sheng Dai, Ning Yao, Wenbo Li, Xizhen Dong, Xiyu Chen, Jiacheng Niu, Fan Ye, Alisson Kwiatkowski da Silva, Shuya Zhu, Yu Xie, Xiaofeng Yang, Sihao Deng, Jianping Tan, Zhiming Li, Dirk Ponge, Lunhua He, Xian-Cheng Zhang (), Dierk Raabe () and Shan-Tung Tu
Additional contact information
Tiwen Lu: East China University of Science and Technology
Binhan Sun: East China University of Science and Technology
Yue Li: Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials
Sheng Dai: East China University of Science and Technology
Ning Yao: East China University of Science and Technology
Wenbo Li: East China University of Science and Technology
Xizhen Dong: Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials
Xiyu Chen: East China University of Science and Technology
Jiacheng Niu: South China University of Technology
Fan Ye: East China University of Science and Technology
Alisson Kwiatkowski da Silva: Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials
Shuya Zhu: Central South University
Yu Xie: East China University of Science and Technology
Xiaofeng Yang: East China University of Science and Technology
Sihao Deng: Spallation Neutron Source Science Center
Jianping Tan: East China University of Science and Technology
Zhiming Li: Central South University
Dirk Ponge: Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials
Lunhua He: Spallation Neutron Source Science Center
Xian-Cheng Zhang: East China University of Science and Technology
Dierk Raabe: Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials
Shan-Tung Tu: East China University of Science and Technology

Nature, 2025, vol. 645, issue 8080, 385-391

Abstract: Abstract The mechanical properties of metallic materials often degrade under harsh cryogenic conditions, posing challenges for low-temperature infrastructures1. Here we introduce a dual-scale atomic-ordering nanostructure, characterized by an exceptionally high number density of co-existing subnanoscale short-range ordering (approximately 2.4 × 1026 m−3) and nanoscale long-range ordering (approximately 4.5 × 1025 m−3) domains, within a metallic solid-solution matrix in a CoNiV-based alloy to improve the synergy of strength and ductility at low temperatures. We observe an ordering-induced increase in dislocation shear stress as well as a more rapid dislocation multiplication owing to the dislocation blocking effect of nanoscale long-range ordering and the associated generation of new dislocations. The latter effect also releases stress concentrations at nanoscale long-range-ordered obstacles that otherwise would promote damage initiation and failure. Consequently, the alloy shows a strength–elongation product of 76 GPa % with a yield strength of approximately 1.2 GPa at 87 K, outperforming materials devoid of such ordering hierarchy, containing only short-range ordered or coherent precipitates of a few tens of nanometres. Our results highlight the impact of dual co-existing chemical ordering on the mechanical properties of complex alloys and offer guidelines to control these ordering states to enhance their mechanical performance for cryogenic applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09458-1

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