Kirigami-inspired parachutes with programmable reconfiguration

Danick Lamoureux, Jérémi Fillion, Sophie Ramananarivo, Frédérick P. Gosselin () and David Melancon ()
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Danick Lamoureux: Polytechnique Montreal
Jérémi Fillion: Polytechnique Montreal
Sophie Ramananarivo: Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Frédérick P. Gosselin: Polytechnique Montreal
David Melancon: Polytechnique Montreal

Nature, 2025, vol. 646, issue 8083, 88-94

Abstract: Abstract The art of kirigami allows programming a sheet to deform into a particular manner with a pattern of cuts, endowing it with exotic mechanical properties and behaviours1–17. Here we program discs to deform into stably falling parachutes as they deploy under fluid–structure interaction. Parachutes are expensive and delicate to manufacture, which limits their use for humanitarian airdrops or drone delivery. Laser cutting a closed-loop kirigami pattern18 in a disc induces porosity and flexibility into an easily fabricated parachute. By performing wind tunnel testing and numerical simulations using a custom flow-induced reconfiguration model19, we develop a design tool to realize kirigami-inspired parachutes. Guided by these results, we fabricate parachutes from the centimetre to the metre scale and test them in realistic conditions. We show that at low load-to-area ratios, kirigami-inspired parachutes exhibit a comparable terminal velocity to conventional ones. However, unlike conventional parachutes that require a gliding angle for vertical stability20 and fall at random far from a target, our kirigami-inspired parachutes always fall near the target, regardless of their initial release angle. These kinds of parachutes could limit material losses during airdropping as well as decrease manufacturing costs and complexity.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09515-9

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