On the inconsistency of matching without replacement

Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects

F Sävje

Biometrika, 2022, vol. 109, issue 2, 551-558

Abstract: SummaryThe paper shows that matching without replacement on propensity scores produces estimators that generally are inconsistent for the average treatment effect of the treated. To achieve consistency, practitioners must either assume that no units exist with propensity scores greater than 1/2 or assume that there is no confounding among such units. The result is not driven by the use of propensity scores, and similar artifacts arise when matching on other scores as long as it is without replacement.

Keywords: Covariate adjustment; Matching without replacement; Observational studies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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